Texas y’a yɛrɛ tanga welekan 11 ma minnu kɛra kɔrɔtɔko la ka ɲɛsin baganmara ma san 2024 samiyɛ la.Kalifɔrni ye batiri fanga gigawatt 10 tɛmɛ Awirilikalo la. O bɛɛ n’a ta, san 2025 zanwuyekalo tile 16, batiri tasuma dɔ min kɛra Moss Landing, o ye duguden 1200 wajibiya ka bɔ yen sanga 24 kɔnɔ.
O fila-fila in bɛ batiri fanga maracogo ɲɛfɔ bi-ka rezow sabatili gɛlɛyaw ɲɛnabɔ waati kelen na ka sɔrɔ ka faratiw don a kɔnɔ minnu bɛ se ka sigidaw datugu. Batiri fanga maracogo nafaw n’a dɛsɛw faamuyali tɛ kalanko degeliw ye nka baarakɛcogo wajibiyalen don. Danfara min bɛ baarakɛcogo teliya ni faratiw kunbɛnni cɛ, o ma deli ka bonya ka tɛmɛ nin kan. San 2024 dɔrɔn na, BESS seko 69 GW nana ɛntɛrinɛti kan diɲɛ kɔnɔ, o bɛ kɛ 45% ye sigida bɛɛ lajɛlen na. O bɛ bɛn izini bɛɛ ka tariku seko jɔli ma kalo tan ni fila kɔnɔ.
Nka, sigili jiginni bɛ min datugu, o filɛ nin ye : baarakɛ porozɛ 19% ɲɔgɔn bɛ dɔ bɔ u ka nafa la k’a sababu kɛ fɛɛrɛko gɛlɛyaw ye. Lakanali ko nafama duuru kɛra san 2024 kɔnɔ, o jigira ka tɛmɛ san tɛmɛnnenw kan nka hali bi a bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka sariyaw sɛgɛsɛgɛli daminɛ. Wa hali ni sistɛmu musakaw jigira 40% san-san-san na ka se $165/kWh-tariku kɔnɔ-sɛnɛfɛnw feereli cakɛda hakɛ cayalenba Sinuwa jamana na, o bɛ dugukoloko politiki gɛlɛyaw lase, porozɛw dilannikɛlaw fanba bɛ minnu jate dɔgɔya.
O fɛnw bɛ tɛmɛn poroze kelen-kelen bɛɛ kan. Sisan, rezow baarakɛlaw bɛ u jigi da BESS kan frequency response (fɛrɛnkan jaabi) la, laadala jenitɛriw ye lɛrɛ caman ta ka di. Ni batiriw ma se ka fanga tɔgɔlama dafalen di ka da invertɛri filiw kan walima seliw tiɲɛnenw kan, rezow tɛ bɔnɛ a kɔkanna seko dɔrɔn na-a bɛ bɔnɛ milisekɔndi jaabi waatiw la minnu bɛ kaskad blackouts bali. O b’a to seko ni danyɔrɔw bɛɛ faamuyali tɛ kalanko dɔrɔn ye, nka a nafa ka bon baarakɛcogo la.
Sɔrɔko ko min bɛ fanga suguyaw labɛn kokura
Batiri marali ye sɛbɛnnikɛlan wuli fanga sɔrɔko kan san 2024, wa jatew bɛ maana dɔ fɔ min mɔgɔ damadɔw de y’a ye ko a bɛ na a san duuru ye nin ye.
Diɲɛ kɔnɔ, fanga maracogo sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw sera dɔrɔmɛ 165/kWh ma san 2024, o kɛra 40% jigin ye ka bɔ san 2023-san kelen dɔgɔyaliba la kabini tuguni daminɛna san 2017. Sinuwa jamana na, yɔrɔ min na, fɛn dilanni seko tɛmɛnen ye ɲɔgɔndan jugu bila yɔrɔ min na, sanga 4 kuntaala sitɛmuw sera dɔrɔmɛ 85/kWh ma ni u kɛra ɲɔgɔn cɛ. San 2024 desanburukalo la, tender dɔw kɛra Sinuwa jamana na batiri dakunw kan ka fara fanga jiginni siraw kan (EPC ni rezow ɲɔgɔndan musakaw tɛ o la) nana ni dɔrɔmɛ 66 ye/kWh.
NREL ka san 2025 musaka jateminɛw bɛ daminɛ dɔrɔmɛ 334/kWh na sanga 4-lɛrɛ 4{3}}sɛgɛsɛgɛli siratigɛ dafalen na san 2024 kɔnɔ, ni cɛmancɛ-ko kɛlenw b’a jira ko 47% bɛna dɔgɔya san 2030 na ani 68% san 2050 musaka dɔgɔman na. Nka sɔrɔko jiginni yɔrɔ filɛ nin ye min nafa ka bon : batiri sɔngɔw-minnu bɛ kɛ sistɛmu musaka bɛɛ lajɛlen tilancɛ ɲɔgɔn ye{14}}bɔgɔra ka se hakɛ-diɲɛ kɔnɔ, min girinyalen don, n’o ye dɔrɔmɛ 115/kWh ye san 2024. Ni pake sɔngɔw ye dɔrɔmɛ 100/kWh jukɔrɔ (a sɔrɔla kaban Sinuwa jamana na), tile-plus-storage bɛ kɛ kuran musaka dɔgɔmannin dɔ ye sɔrɔyɔrɔ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ san 2035, olu sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ ka tɛmɛn fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ladonni kan minnu bɛ yen sugu caman kɔnɔ.
Texas ye misali ye o sɔrɔko jiginni in na. ERCOT ye 4 GW grid-scale storage sigi senkan san 2024, ka tɛmɛ Kalifɔrni kan ni 12% ye. O kɔlɔlɔ : zeru lakanani weleli samiyɛ bɛɛ la ni 11 ye san 2023, ani Awirilikalo san 2024 kuran sɔngɔ minnu bɛ se dɔrɔmɛ 160 ma megawatt-lɛrɛ kelen na ka dɔgɔ ni Awirilikalo san 2023. Batiri dilannikɛlaw ye arbitrage sɔrɔ minɛ k’a sɔrɔ feerekɛlaw ye nafa sɔrɔ sɔngɔ dɔgɔyali la ɲininiw caya waati la.
Kalifɔrni jamana ka ko kɛlen bɛ fɛn wɛrɛ fara a kan. Ni GW 10 ni kɔ bilala sen kan, sisan batiriw bɛ doni yɔrɔba dɔw ta tile ka waatiw la (lɛrɛ minnu bɛ ban 10-14), u bɛ charge (lɛrɛ minnu bɛ ban ni 10-14 ye), u bɛ charge (lɛrɛ minnu bɛ ban 10-14), ni jɛgɛfeere sɔngɔw jigira ka se zeru ma walima ka se negatif ma. Awirilikalo san 2024 tilebɔ waati la, BESS sigidaw ye tile bɔli 1 GW dɔgɔyali musaka bɔ, o ye rezow ka se ka muɲu nafa jira min bɛ musaka ni nafa sɛgɛsɛgɛli nɔgɔman sɔsɔ.
Sɔrɔko kulu seko b’a ɲɛfɔ mun na baarakɛcogo bɛ senna hali ni nafa sɔrɔli haminankow bɛ yen. BESS porozɛw bɛ se ka sɔrɔ sira caman layɛrɛ : seko sarali ka tɛmɛn san 15-gofɛrɛnaman ka bɛnkanw fɛ, frequency response contracts (tariku la, san fila ni National Grid ye), fanga arbitrage tɔnɔw, ani kuran sanni bɛnkanw. ERCOT ka sugu la, min bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ, batiriw ye sɔrɔ sɔrɔ baarakɛminɛn dɛmɛnanw na, k’a sɔrɔ u bɛ fanga arbitrage di waati kelen na-fɛn min laadala jenitɛriw tɛ se ka min kɛ ka ɲɛ.
Nka sɔrɔko ja in kɔnɔ, sɔsɔliw bɛ yen. Baarakɛda dɛmɛnan suguya bɛɛ bɛ 5% bɔ ERCOT suguya bɛɛ lajɛlen baara la. Ni batiri fanga wɛrɛw bɛ ka caya-jɛgɛnsira la, o bɛ seko bolodalen jira ka tɛmɛ sisan hakɛ naani kan-sɔnsɔnni jugu min bɛ kɛ o baarakɛminɛnw na, o bɛ dɔ bɔ danfara la kaban. Fɛn dilannikɛlaw ka kan ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ka taa a fɛ fanga suguw la, yɔrɔ minnu na sɔngɔ jiginni tɛmɛnenw tɛ se ka nafa nataw fɔ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, batiriw bilali yɛrɛ bɛ sɔngɔ jiginniw nɔgɔya, minnu ye porozɛ fɔlɔw kɛ nafa ye.
Fɛnɲɛnɛma musakaw bɛ dɔ fara fɛnw kan minnu bɛ se ka wuli ka bɔ u nɔ na. Litiyamu karɔbɔni sɔngɔ ye hakɛ caman sɔrɔ san 2022, a binna san 2023-san 2024 daminɛ na k’a sababu kɛ fɛnw sɔrɔli caya ye, o kɔfɛ, a seginna ka se 2025 cɛmancɛ la{14}} ka se CNY 59.000-69.000 ma mɛtɛrɛ tɔni kelen na ($8.500-9,000 USD). Nin wuluwulu in bɛ nɔ bila poroze sɔrɔko la cogo la min tɛ se ka fɔ. Sɛgɛsɛgɛlikɛla dɔw b’a fɔ ko Siniwajamana y’a laɲini ka suguw di ka tɛmɛ a dan kan walasa ka fanga mara ani ka degun kɛ ɲɔgɔndankɛlaw kan minnu tɛ Sinuwaw ye- Ɔsitarali ni Afiriki minɛnko tɔnw kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la-ka bɔ tɔnɔ sɔrɔli la sɔngɔ jiginni waati.
Fɛnw dilancogo cakɛda lajɛlen bɛ sɔrɔko farati dogolenw lase. Sinuwa bɛ diɲɛ litiyamu-ion batiri dilanni 75% ɲɔgɔn mara, diɲɛ litiyamu sɛnɛcogo seko saba-, ani a bɛ nafolodonni fɛɛrɛw mara litiyɔmu minɛnw na Ameriki Saheliyanfan, Afiriki ani Ɔsitarali jamana bɛɛ kɔnɔ. O ɲɔgɔndan in kɔrɔ ye ko jamana politiki gɛlɛyaw walima jagokɛlaw ka dankarili bɛ se ka musakaw caya yɔrɔnin kelen. Ameriki ka nafolosɔrɔbaliya dɔgɔyali sariya b’a ɲini k’o kɛlɛ ni fɛn dilanni impositi dɔgɔyali ye ani jamana kɔnɔ sɔrɔko wajibiyalenw, nka ka fɛnw dilancogo cakɛda minnu bɛ taa ɲɔgɔn fɛ, o bɛ san caman de wajibiya, wa a bɛ musaka 20% ta ni i y’a suma ni Sinuwa ka sɛnɛfɛnw ye.
Siginidenw ka gɛlɛya bɛ musakabɔlan wɛrɛ fara a kan min man teli ka minɛ $/kWh jateminɛw na. Sitimɛbaw-sisɛtiw bɛ balansi caman ɲini-sisɛti yɔrɔw la, funteni ɲɛnabɔli, tasuma kunbɛnni, ani rezow ɲɔgɔndan minɛnw na minnu bɛɛ lajɛlen bɛ bɛn batiri musakaw ma walima ka tɛmɛ u kan. Transformer ni substation minɛnw sɔrɔcogo degunw kɛra sababu ye ka fɛnw mara, ka sɔngɔ bonya, ani ka porozew bila kɔfɛ, ka batiri musaka dɔgɔyali kunbabaw tigɛli kɛ ka kɛ sistɛmu bɛɛ lajɛlen marali ye min ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ.
Laala, min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ, o ye ko sɔrɔko ko bɛ ka caya ka taa a fɛ ka bɔ kabon sɔngɔko la ani fanga kura sɔrɔli yamaruyaw la sanni ka bɔ suguw ka ɲɔgɔndan saniyalen na. IRA ka 30% wari bilali impositi dɔgɔyali min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛnmarayɔrɔw ma minnu bɛ u yɛrɛ ma, o bɛ dɛmɛ don k’a ɲɛsin u bilali ma. Ni nin politiki dɛmɛ ninnu tun tɛ, porozɛ caman tun bɛna gɛlɛya sɔrɔ ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni gazi nafamaba ye sɔrɔko dɔrɔn kan, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la suguw la, fɛnɲɛnamafagalan sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw bɛ minnu na.
Nafa minnu bɛ sɔrɔ grid sabatili la, laadala mɔgɔw tɛ se ka bɛn minnu ma
Batiri marali tɛ dɔrɔn ka kuran sɛnɛyɔrɔ kɔrɔw bila u nɔ na-a bɛ baara kɛ minnu tɛ se ka kɛ turbines spinning farikolo la.
Jaabi waati bɛ nafa kɔrɔtalen ɲɛfɔ. A ka c’a la, BESS sitɛmuw bɛ wuli ka bɔ fanga baarakɛbali la ka taa fanga dafalen na rezow sɛrɛkili damadɔ kɔnɔ, tuma caman na milisekɔndi 100 jukɔrɔ. Aw ye o suma ni gazi turbinew ye minnu faralen don ɲɔgɔn kan-cycle gazi turbines minnu bɛ miniti 30-60 ta walasa ka se ka bɔli dafalen sɔrɔ, walima kɔɔrisɛnɛyɔrɔw minnu mago bɛ lɛrɛw la. Ni batiri fanga maracogo nafaw n’a dɛsɛw jateminɛna, o milisekɔndi jaabi seko in bɛ bɔ kɛnɛ kan-batiriw bɛ rezow sabatili di, min bɛ se ka bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma farikolo ta fan fɛ. Tuma min na Texas ERCOT ye frequency deviations sɔrɔ san 2024 feburuyekalo nɛnɛ waati la, batiriw ye GW 1 ɲɔgɔn wuli miniti damadɔ kɔnɔ, ka grid sabati sanni cascading dɛsɛw ka se ka jɛnsɛn. Nin milisekɔndi-jaabi seko in bɛ batiri fanga maracogo nafa ni dɛsɛ nafama dɔ jira-rezo sabatili nafaba min bɛ bɔ kɛnɛ kan ni seli ba caman ɲɛnabɔli gɛlɛya ye.
Nin jaabi sub-second seko in bɛ fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya frequency (fɔkanw) labɛnni na. Grid frequency ka kan ka to 59,9-60,1 Hz kɔnɔ (60 Hz sitɛmuw kɔnɔ) walasa ka minɛnw tiɲɛni ni u ka dibi bali. Laadalata rezow ye frequency mara "spinning reserve" fɛ-generators minnu bɛ boli seko jukɔrɔ, minnu labɛnnen don ka wuli ka taa sanfɛ. O fɛɛrɛ in bɛ 15-30% tiɲɛ sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli seko la ani ka sɛnɛfɛnw jeni tuma bɛɛ. BESS bɛ o tiɲɛni in bɔ yen k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ frequency control teliya, tigitigi di.
Voltage stability bɛ yɔrɔ wɛrɛ jira yɔrɔ min na batiriw bɛ baara kɛ ka tɛmɛ batiri wɛrɛw kan. Seko ni dɔnko ɛntɛrinɛti minnu bɛ batiri invertɛriw kɔnɔ, olu bɛ se ka fanga bɔli reactive ladilan ni fanga ye, ka tension hakɛw kɔlɔsi transmission networks kɔnɔ. O nafa ka bon ka taa a fɛ bawo tile ni fiɲɛ-minnu bɛ fanga pikiri kɛ cogo caman na-u bɛ sinkɔrɔni jenitɛriw nɔ bila minnu ye wulicogo sabati u yɛrɛ la u ka wuli-ka-bɔ-yɔrɔ-ko fɛ. Kalifɔrni ka batiri 10 GW marayɔrɔ bɛ sisan tension dɛmɛni di, n’o tɛ, o tun bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka static compensators sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw walima generators minnu tɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ.
Nowanburukalo san 2022 Angletɛri rezow ka ko kɛlen bɛ BESS seko jira degun kɔnɔ. Ni ɲɔgɔndanw tun bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ, batiri belebelebaw-sitɛmuw ye dɛmɛ don ka dibi tiɲɛni bali, u kɛtɔ ka fanga pikiri kɛ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la ani ka frequency sabati. Laadalabato fanga tun tɛ se ka jaabi teliya la walasa ka kaskada dɛsɛw bali ɛntɛrinɛti kan.
Kuwati kura jɛ-ka-baara bɛ laala baarakɛcogo ye min bɛ fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya. Fiɲɛ ni tile bɔli bɛ se ka wuli kosɛbɛ miniti damadɔ kɔnɔ-sankaba minnu bɛ girin tile foro dɔ kan, olu bɛ se ka bɔli dɔgɔya 70% segin kɔnɔ. Ni marali tɛ, rezow baarakɛlaw ka kan ka fanga kura sɔrɔli dɔgɔya -bɔli waati caman na walima ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw lakanani mara ka to ka wuli. BESS bɛ o gɛlɛya in tiɲɛ ni fanga kura tɛmɛnen tɛmɛnenw minɛni ye ni u bɛ sɔrɔ ani ka bɔ lafiya waatiw la, o bɛ nafolomafɛnw tigɛli kɛ cogo ɲuman na ka kɛ nafolomafɛnw ye minnu bɛ se ka ci.
Hawayi ka Kapolei batiri bɛ misali jɔnjɔn di. O cogoya in ye gun in ka kɔɔrisɛnɛ laban bila a nɔ na k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ tile fanga mara sufɛ, ka rezow sabatili sabati hali ni Oahu tun bɛ a yɛrɛ mabɔ dugukoloba rezow la. Porozɛ in b’a jira cogo min na, marali bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka gunw ni mikro-rezow sigi senkan, u bɛ se ka baara kɛ fɔlɔ ni fɛn kuraw ye, k’a sɔrɔ u ma dannaya saraka-fɛn min tɛ se ka kɛ ni sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli fɛɛrɛ dɔrɔn ye.
Multi-interval optimisation sekow bɛ batiriw di baarakɛcogo sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ma. ERCOT ni CAISO suguw bɛ baara kɛ ni porogaramu caman ye walasa ka batiriw ci ka da sɔngɔ fɔlenw kan lɛrɛ caman ka kɔn o ɲɛ. Sisεmεti bε se ka ni laɲini ye ka state-of-charge minɛ walima hali chargement min tɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la waati kelen kɔnɔ, k’a jira ko bɔli cogoyaw bɛna caya-nafa caman na kɔfɛ. Kalifɔrni san 2022 samiyɛ funteni waati la, ISO baarakɛlaw ye baara kɛ ni charge minimum state-of-charge constraints ye walasa ka batiriw don wulada waatiw la minnu ka ca ni chargement bɛrɛ ye walasa ka net load ramping kunbɛn, waati min na tile bɔli dɔgɔyara kosɛbɛ nka ɲinini tora ka caya.
Transmission congestion relief bɛ nafaba wɛrɛ jira. Sani u ka kunnafonidilan kura jɔ-min bɛ san caman ta ani ka musaka miliyari caman bɔ-nafamafɛnw bɛ se ka batiriw bila node dantigɛlenw na walasa ka tɛmɛsira bɔli minɛ waatiw la minnu ka dɔgɔ-waatiw la ani ka fanga pikiri kɛ sigida la mɔgɔw ka ɲɔgɔn cɛ waatiw la. Nin "non-wires alternative" fɛɛrɛ in ye fɛnsɔrɔko musakabaw kisi Kalifɔrni porozɛ caman kɔnɔ.
Dugukolo daminɛ seko bɛ baarakɛcogo muɲuli fara a kan. BESS ka baarakɛyɔrɔ dɔw bɛ se ka fanga di rezow yɔrɔ dɔw ma, kuran tiɲɛnen kɔfɛ, ka fanga fɔlɔ di min ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka jenitɛri belebelebaw daminɛ kokura-baara min tun bɛ dizili jɛnɛra kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw walima jibɔyɔrɔw wajibiya fɔlɔ.
Tiɲɛni min bɛ kɛ ka dɔgɔya: Baara kɛcogo ni layidu talenw
Batiri dilannikɛlaw bɛ fɛn ɲɛfɔlenw fɔ minnu bɛ mɔgɔ kabakoya, nka baarakɛcogo tiɲɛni bɛ gɛlɛyaw lase mɔgɔ ma minnu bɛ seko ni sɔrɔ bɛɛ tiɲɛ.
CATL y'a ka "Tener" BESS fɛn dilannen Laseli san 2024 k'a Fɔ ko zeru tiɲɛni ma Kɛ sàn duuru kɔnɔ. O bɛ fɛɛrɛko ɲɛtaa kabakoma jira walima feereli jugu-foro kunnafoniw bɛna a jira min. Litiyamu-ion sitɛmu fanba bɛ tiɲɛ 2-3% san o san bisikili cogoya la, o kɔrɔ ye ko batiri min bɛ se ka kɛ 100 MWh ye ni kura bɛ 85-91 MWh di san duuru kɔfɛ.
Tiɲɛni fɛɛrɛ nafa ka bon bawo a tɛ -linya ye ani a bɛ tali kɛ cogoya- la. Funteniba bɛ seko bɔnɛ teliya kosɛbɛ-baara kɛli degere 35 la ni degere 25 ye, o bɛ se ka tiɲɛni hakɛ fila kɛ. Batiriw bɔli jugumanba (ni bɛ baara kɛ ni 90-100% ye seko la) bɛ batiriw tiɲɛ joona ka tɛmɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli jugumanw kan (ka baara kɛ ni 40-60%) ye. Zari ni bɔli teliya la, o bɛ funteni ni degun lase mɔgɔ ma min bɛ dɔ bɔ a si hakɛ la. O kɔrɔ ye ko baarakɛcogo jugu minnu bɛ sɔrɔ caman kɛ, olu bɛ se ka nafolo in nafa kuntaalajan tiɲɛ k’a sɔrɔ u ma a dɔn.
Diɲɛ baarakɛcogo kunnafoniw lakikaw bɛ gɛlɛya in bonya jira. Accure Battery Intelligence ka san 2024 jaabi y’a jira ko BESS porozɛ 19% bɛ dɔ bɔ u ka nafa la k’a sababu kɛ fɛɛrɛko gɛlɛyaw ye. Ninnu tɛ dɛsɛ juguw ye-u ye tiɲɛni kɛcogo nɔgɔlenw ye, selilɛriw ka balanbaliya, ani modulu barikamaw minnu bɛ sistɛmuw bali ka fanga tɔgɔlama dafalen di waati minnu bɛ bɛn. Ni batiri sitɛmu min ye bɛnkansɛbɛn kɛ walasa ka MW 100 di sanga 4 kɔnɔ, o bɛ se ka MW 85 dɔrɔn de sabati sanga 3,5 kɔnɔ k’a sababu kɛ selilɛri tiɲɛni ye, a tɛ se ka sugu ka layidu ta, wa a bɛ bɔnɛ sɔrɔ a la.
Jamana-ka-sara ɲɛnabɔli bɛ baarakɛcogo gɛlɛyaw lawuli. Batiri si janya ɲuman bɛ a ɲini ka chargement mara a seko 20-80% cɛ, ka i yɛrɛ tanga dantɛmɛkow ma. Nka sugu sɔrɔko ka teli ka bɔli dafalen ɲini sɔngɔba waatiw la ani ka sara caman ɲini sɔngɔ jugu waatiw la, o bɛ baarakɛlaw wajibiya ka sugandili kɛ sɔrɔ teliya ni nafolo marali kuntaalajan cɛ. Batiriw ɲɛnabɔcogo caman b’a ɲini ka nin ɲininiw kɛ minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔsɔ, ni funteni ɲɛnabɔli ni charge curve optimisation ye, nka jagokɛcogo bɛ to sen na.
Sikili ɲɛnamaya ɲɛfɔcogo bɛ mɔgɔ lafili waleyali la. Batiri min bɛ laseli kɛ ko "8000 cycles at 80% depth of discharge" mankan bɛ mɔgɔ kabakoya fo n’i y’a jateminɛ ko o bɛ san 11 ɲɔgɔn jira siɲɛ fila-don o don cycles (cycles 8000 ÷ cycles 730 san kɔnɔ). Nka o bɛ miiri ko cogoya ɲumanw-funteni bɛ bɛn, chargement hakɛ ɲumanw, ani selilɛri baarakɛcogo kelen. Installations lakikaw bɛ funteni jiginniw kunbɛn, taamasiyɛnw ci teliya la ka bɔ rezow baarakɛlaw fɛ, ani fɛn dilanni danfara bɛ seli ba caman kɔnɔ, o bɛɛ bɛ dɔ bɔ cycle ɲɛnamaya sɔrɔlenw na ka tɛmɛ fɛn ɲɛfɔlenw kan.
Seko ni dɔnko fade bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ cogo jugu la ni grid service contracts ye. BESS ka sigida dɔ bɛ se ka bolonɔ bila san 15-seko bɛnkan na ni National Grid ye, ka layidu ta ko a bɛna MW 100 di ni ɲinini kɛra. San 10nan na, sɛgɛsɛgɛli ba caman kɔfɛ ani a tiɲɛni dɔɔnindɔɔnin, o siratigɛ bɛ se ka MW 75 dɔrɔn de di. Baarakɛla bɛ batiri sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw caya (ka batiri kura fara a kan walasa ka se ka a seko mara) walima ka bɛnkansɛbɛn jalaki. O sɔrɔko tiɲɛni in bɛ bɛnkansɛbɛn kuntaalajanw kɛ farati ye hali n’u ka sɔrɔko dannaya bɛ nafa sɔrɔ.
Round-taama nafama bɔnɛw, hali ni u ka dɔgɔ ni tiɲɛni koɲɛw ye, u bɛ dalajɛ waati kɔnɔ. 85% baarakɛcogo ɲuman (sisan izini sariya) bɛ 15% bɔnɛ fanga maralen na ka da fɛn caman tigɛli bɔnɛw ni funteni kan. Nin tɛ mankanba ye fo n’i ye fanga arbitrage sɔrɔko misali kɛ : ka fanga san ni dɔrɔmɛ 20/MWh ye ani ka feereli kɛ dɔrɔmɛ 100/MWh la, o bɛ tɔnɔ sɔrɔ teori la dɔrɔmɛ 80/MWh, nka 15% baarakɛcogo ɲuman bɔnɛw bɛ dɔ bɔ o la ka se dɔrɔmɛ 68/MWh ma, o bɛ nɔba bila poroze nafaw la.
Funteni sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ dugukoloko gɛlɛyaw lawuli. Litiyamu-ion batiriw bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ degere 15-35 cɛ . Kungo kɔnɔ sigili yɔrɔw la i n’a fɔ Arizɔni walima cɛmancɛ kɔrɔnfɛla porozɛbaw i n’a fɔ Arabu Sawudi ka NEOM, olu bɛ funteni jugumanba sɔrɔ min bɛ nɛnɛ sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw de wajibiya, o bɛ dɔ fara kapitali ni baara musakaw bɛɛ kan k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ se ka tiɲɛni teliya hali ni funteni marali bɛ kɛ.
Augmentation economics laban bɛ poroze ka ɲɛtaa dantigɛ. Nafa{1}}skala BESS sigicogo fanba bɛ labɛn kɛ seko ni dɔnko dɔ farali kan san 20{1}}30 porozɛ ɲɛnamaya kɔnɔ, a jɔyɔrɔba la, u bɛ batiri tiɲɛnenw falen ka sɔrɔ ka invertɛri sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw, transformateurw, ani rezow ɲɔgɔndanw mara. Nka batiri musakaw dɔgɔyali b’a to nin bɛ gɛlɛya-ka caya san 2020 waati sigili la san 2030 ni batiriw sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ 50% kWh kelen kɔnɔ ka tɛmɛ fɔlɔw kan, o bɛ jatebɔ ni baarakɛcogo bɛnbaliya lase. Yala i bɛ fɛn caman wɛrɛ bila u nɔ na dɔrɔn walasa ka seko fɔlɔ lasegin a cogo kɔrɔ la, walima i bɛ fɛn dɔ sɛmɛntiya ka taa fanga caman sɔrɔli chimie la, min bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka ɲɛnabɔli sira kura de wajibiya wa?
Lakanali farati minnu bɛ a ɲini ka to ka kɔlɔsili kɛ
Zanwuyekalo san 2025 Moss Landing tasuma bɛ kɛ hakilijigin ye min bɛ mɔgɔ hakili jigin, ko hali ni lakana yiriwara, batiriw bɛ fanga caman mara yɔrɔw la minnu ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ, wa ni u minɛni ma ɲɛ, a kɔlɔlɔw bɛ bonya joona.
Thermal runaway bɛ batiri lakanani gɛlɛya jɔnjɔn jira. O cakɛda in bɛ daminɛ ni selilu kelen sumana kojugu, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kemikaliya tiɲɛni daminɛ min bɛ funteni ni gazi tasumalenw bɔ. O funteni bɛ jɛnsɛn ka taa selilu kɛrɛfɛ, k’u tiɲɛni daminɛ ni dɛsɛ ye min bɛ se ka batiri modulu bɛɛ minɛ miniti damadɔ kɔnɔ. Ni a daminɛna, thermal runway bɛ a jira ko a ka gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ ka-litiyamu batiri tasumaw jeni ni funteni bɛ tɛmɛ degere 1000 kan, wa u bɛ se ka tasuma don kokura lɛrɛ walima tile damadɔw a kɛlen kɔ ka i n’a fɔ u fagara.
Moss Landing ko in ye boon kelen to ka jeni ni tasuma-fanga kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye- hali ni sosiyete baarakɛlaw ni tasuma-fanga-jɛkuluw ye cɛsiri kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ. Lɛrɛ 24 kɔnɔ, duguden 1200 bɔra yen, o b’a jira cogo min na batiri tasuma bɛ farati lase a sigili dɔrɔn ma, nka a bɛ lamini sigidaw fana bila farati la. Fiɲɛ hakɛ kɔlɔsili o ko kɛlen senfɛ ani o kɔfɛ, farati si ma sɔrɔ foroba kɛnɛyako la, nka o kɔlɔlɔ in tun bɛ kɔrɔtɔko ɲɛnabɔcogo caman de wajibiya, yɔrɔ caman tɛ minnu sɔrɔ.
Tasuma-fanga-minɛnw bɛ gɛlɛya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw sɔrɔ ni batiri tasumaw ye. Ji{1}}sisɛtiw bɛ se ka batiriw nɛnɛ ani ka u jɛnsɛnni sumaya nka u bɛ hakɛba-galon ba kɛmɛ caman wajibiya sigilibaw kama. Chimie dɔw bɛ kɛ ni ji ye ni fanga ye. Gazi damatɛmɛ siraw i n’a fɔ FM-200 walima Novec 1230 bɛ baara kɛ kuran tasumaw kama nka u tɛ se ka kɛ ka ɲɛsin kemikɛli walew ma funteni bolicogo la. Sisan, wale ɲumanw bɛ sinsin banakunbɛnni kan (seli-nivo funteni kɔlɔsili, danfara barikalanw moduluw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ) ani kunbɛnni (tasuma-fanga-yɔrɔw, yɔrɔ bɛnnenw) ka tɛmɛn dankarili kan.
Gazi toxic minnu bɛ bɔ, olu bɛ tasuma faratiw bonya. Litiyamu-ion batiri minnu bɛ jeni, olu bɛ asidi fluorique, monooxyde de carbone ani ninakiliko farati wɛrɛw bɔ. Jaabi fɔlɔ kɛbagaw mago bɛ lakanaminɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ni degeliw la. Sigida minnu bɛ BESS sigiyɔrɔbaw kɛrɛfɛ, olu mago bɛ kɔrɔtɔko bolodalenw na minnu bɛ jatebɔ kɛ mɔgɔw bɔli la minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ani fiɲɛ hakɛ nɔfɛkow-wariw minnu bɛ dɔ fara poroze gɛlɛyaw kan ani sigidamɔgɔw ka kɛlɛli kan.
EPRI ka BESS ka dɛsɛko kɛlenw kunnafonidilan ye dɛsɛko 15 lajɛ san 2023 ani ko nafama 5 san 2024, o b’a jira ko ko kɛlenw hakɛ bɛ dɔgɔya gigawatt-lɛrɛ kelen kɔnɔ min bilala sen kan. Nin ɲɛtaa in bɛ fɛn dilanni jogo ɲuman jira, baarakɛcogo ɲumanw, ani lakana sariyaw bonyalen i n’a fɔ UL 9540 ani 9540A. Nka, sigili hakɛ dafalen bɛ bonya joona fo hali hakɛ minnu bɛ dɔgɔya, olu bɛ na ni ko kɛlenw jate ye. Sinuwa tun ye GW 36 marayɔrɔ bila sen kan sisan san 2024 dɔrɔn-ka tɛmɛ jamana caman ka seko bɛɛ lajɛlen kan.
Juru sababu sɛgɛsɛgɛli b’a jira ko ko kɛlenw bɛ bɔ yɔrɔ caman na : DC marayɔrɔ bloki (seliw walima modulu yɛrɛ), balansi-ka -jiriw sigicogo (inverter, HVAC, enclosures), kumaɲɔgɔnya ni kɔrɔsili siraw, walima kɛnɛyako (lamini cogoyaw, farikolo nɔfɛkow). EPRI ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye ko kɛlenw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ tali kɛ dilancogo filiw la, fɛn dilanni nafama na, jɛ-ka-baara filiw la, ani baarakɛcogo filiw-dɛsɛ cogo kelen tɛ fanga sɔrɔ.
So jɔli ni jɛ-ka-baara jogo bɛ nɔba bila lakana la. Tuma caman na, funteni bolicogo ko minnu bɛ kɛ, olu bɛ bɔ fɛnw lajɛlen filiw la, kuran jɛgɛncogo juguw la, nɔgɔ sɔrɔli u dilanni senfɛ, walima nɛnɛbɔlan sigicogo ɲuman tɛ. Yɛlɛma min kɛra ka taa EPC bɛnkansɛbɛnw na, o bɛ dɛmɛ don ni kunkanbaaraw sabatili ye, nka a bilali teliya la, o bɛ jogoɲini degun fɛnw dilancogo cakɛdaw kɔnɔ minnu bɛ batiri minɛn ba caman dilan san o san.
Sibɛri lakanani bɛ lakana haminanko dɔ jira min bɛ ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan. Bi BESS sigicogo bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni grid control systems ye, ka binkannikɛlanw dilan minnu bɛ se ka kɛ. San 2023 ko dɔ kɛra min kɔnɔ, Sinuwa-batiri min dilanna Ameriki kɔgɔjidala sɔrɔdasikulu ka baarakɛyɔrɔ dɔ la, o fagara k’a sababu kɛ ɛntɛrinɛti lakanani haminankow ye, o bɛ dugukoloko politiki siratigɛw jira. Mɔgɔ jugu minnu bɛ batiriw ɲɛnabɔcogo tiɲɛ, olu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka funteni bolicogo lawuli, ka lakana ɲɔgɔndanw bali, walima ka rezow baara tiɲɛ waati gɛlɛnw na. O farati bɛ bonya ni installations bɛ bonya ka taa a fɛ ani grid-critical ka caya.
Lakanali ɲɛtaa minnu kɛra ka bɔ fositɛri nɛgɛma litiyamu (LFP) furakɛli la, olu ka kan ka fɔ. LFP batiriw, minnu fanga ka bon sisan nafama-skala sigili la, olu b’a jira ko u bɛ sabati funteni na ka tɛmɛ nikɛri manganɛsi kobalti (NMC) kemikaliw kan. LFP selilɛriw bɛ se ka funteni caman muɲu sani u ka boli funteni fɛ ani ka funteni dɔɔni bɔ u dɛsɛ waatiw la. Nka, "lakana ka tɛmɛ NMC kan" kɔrɔ tɛ "lakana"-LFP tasumaw bɛ ɲini hali bi ka cɛsiribaw kɛ ka damatɛmɛ ani ka kɔrɔtɔko jaabi.
Asiransi baarakɛlaw ka jaabi b’a jira ko sugu bɛ lakana gɛlɛyaw dɔn. Premium jatebɔ bɛ kɛ BESS porozɛw la, o bɛ kɛlɛ kɛ ni kunnafonidilanw ye minnu dan ye aktuari ye, ni fɛɛrɛ kuraw bɛ wuli joona, ani ko kɛlenw minnu ka bon-, minnu bɛ faratiw faamuyali sɛgɛsɛgɛ. Sɛbɛnnikɛlaw bɛ ka lakana sɛbɛn caman ɲini ka taa a fɛ, ka funteni kɔlɔsili siraw, ani baarakɛcogo kɔrɔw ɲini. Asiransi dɔw bɛ yamaruya di ka OEM tɔgɔbatigiw ni mɔgɔ sabananw ka ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛri ŋanaw sen don u la walasa ka faratiw jateminɛ, ka musakaw fara u kan nka ka lakana sɔrɔcogo ɲɛ.
Supply Chain Concentration: A ye fɛn dogolen ye
Batiri marali baarakɛlaw ka musaka dɔgɔyali kabakomaw n’a sɛgɛsɛgɛli teliyalen bɛ tali kɛ fɛn dilanni jɛlen jusigilan dɔ kan min bɛ fɛɛrɛko gɛlɛyaw lawuli, minnu bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka baarakɛlaw fanba ye minnu ɲɛmajɔ fo u ka kɛ baarakɛcogo gɛlɛyaw ye.
Sinuwa bɛ batiri 1200 GWh ni kɔ dilan san o san-diɲɛ sɛnɛfɛnw 75% ɲɔgɔn. San 2024 dɔrɔn na, Sinuwaw ka fɛn dilanni seko tun bɛ se ka diɲɛ bɛɛ ka ɲininiw dafa, o min kɛra sababu ye ka wariba don fɛnw dilancogo la san duuru tɛmɛnenw kɔnɔ. Fɛn dilannikɛla ŋana CATL ni BYD tɛ Sinuwa mobili dilannikɛlaw dɔrɔn di, nka Tesla, BMW, ani Toyota, o b’a to Tlebi EV ni marayɔrɔw bilali bɛ tali kɛ Sinuwa seliw la.
O fɛn dilanni fanga in bɛ Taa duguma. Sinuwa bɛ litiyamu sɛnɛcogo 75% ɲɔgɔnna kɔlɔsi diɲɛ kɔnɔ, a bɛ litiyamu karɔbɔni sɛnɛbali baara ka bɔ Ɔsitarali, Sili ani Afiriki minɛnw na ka kɛ batiri-fɛnw ye. Sinuwa tɔnw i n’a fɔ Ganfeng Litiyamu ani Tianqi Litiyɔmu, olu bɛ nafolodonni fɛɛrɛw bolo jamana wɛrɛw ka litiyamu porozɛw la Ameriki saheliyanfan, Afiriki ani Ɔsitarali jamana bɛɛ kɔnɔ, ka balofɛnw sɔrɔli lakana k’a sɔrɔ ɲɔgɔndankɛlaw bɛ ka ɲɔgɔn kɛlɛ walasa ka fɛnw sɔrɔ.
Sanfɛla hakɛ bɛ haminanko jira o cogo kelen na. Litiyamu bɔli bɛ caya jamana damadɔw de la: Ɔsitarali (diɲɛ kɔnɔ fɛn dilannikɛla ŋana), Chili (diɲɛ kɔnɔ nafolo marayɔrɔba), ani Siniwa jamana min bɛ ka caya kɔsa in na sɔrɔw kɔfɛ, o y’a kɔrɔta ka kɛ nafolo marabaga filanan-laba ye. Kobalt sɔrɔli siraw bɛ tɛmɛ Kongo Demokaratiki jamana fɛ (70% diɲɛ sɛnɛfɛnw na), ni yɔrɔba dɔw bɛ baara kɛ ni Sinuwa cɛmancɛlamɔgɔw ye. Grafite naturelle, min bɛ kɛ batiri anodew la, o bɛ bɔ kosɛbɛ Sinuwa (70% bɔli la).
O dugukoloko ɲɔgɔndan in bɛ dɛsɛyɔrɔ caman Dabɔ. Jago dantigɛliw, fɛnw feereli kɔlɔsili, walima jamana politiki gɛlɛyaw bɛ se ka fɛnw sɔrɔcogo tiɲɛ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ. Tuma min na Sinuwa ye fɛnw bɔli kɔlɔsili kɛ litiyamu-ion batiri fɛɛrɛbɔ la san 2024 desanburukalo la k’a sababu kɛ jamana lakanani haminankow ye, a y’a jira cogo min na fɛnw bɛ se ka sɔrɔ joona cogo min na, olu bɛ se ka kɛ marifaw ye minnu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛɛrɛ ye. Ameriki ka antidumping ni countervailing duty sɛgɛsɛgɛli daminɛna san 2025 Zanwuyekalo la Sinuwa anode fɛnw kan, k’a fɔ ko dumping margins ye 828% ani 921% ye, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka dutiw dantigɛlenw kɛ minnu bɛ fɛnw dilancogo cakɛdaw labɛn kokura.
Sɔngɔko jiginni bɛ fɛnsɔrɔko faratiw bonya. Litiyamu karɔbɔni sɔngɔw b’o jira : a cayara kosɛbɛ san 2022 (dɔrɔmɛ 80,000+ mɛtɛrɛ tɔni kelen na sugu dɔw la), a jigira ka se dɔrɔmɛ 15.000 jukɔrɔ san 2024 daminɛ na, o kɔfɛ, a seginna ka se dɔrɔmɛ 8500-9000 ma san 2025 cɛmancɛ la. Sɛgɛsɛgɛlikɛla dɔw b’a Jira ko Siniwajamana ye suguw Labɔ ni laɲini ye 2023-2024 sànw na walasa ka minɛnkokɛlaw Labɔ minnu tɛ Sinuwaw ye, k’u Blà tɔnɔ sɔrɔbaliya la, o kɔfɛ, a ye dɔ Bɔ sɛnɛfɛnw na walasa ka sɔngɔw seginni Dɛmɛ ni ɲɔgɔndankɛlaw ye baara Dabɔ. A kɛra laɲini ye wo, a kɛra suguya ye wo, o nɔ bɛ fɛnsɔrɔko cakɛda ka muɲuli tiɲɛ, a kɛtɔ ka feerekɛla wɛrɛw bɔ yen.
Tlebi jamanaw ka sigidako cɛsiriw bɛ sɔrɔko siranninw ɲɛ. Ameriki ni Erɔpu batiri dilanni musakaw bɛ boli 20% ka tɛmɛ Sinuwa ka sɛnɛfɛnw kan, o bɛ bila ka bɔ kapitali musakaw la, baarakɛlaw hakɛw, ani sɔrɔko ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo minnu ma yiriwa kosɛbɛ. Nafolosɔrɔko dɔgɔyali sariya ka 30% nafolodonni impositi dɔgɔyali ni fɛn dilanni juruw b’a ɲini ka o nafa in kunbɛn, nka ka musaka kelen sɔrɔ, o bɛ dɛmɛ sabatili de wajibiya walima ka sɔrɔ yiriwali jɔnjɔnw de wajibiya, minnu bɛ san caman ta walasa ka se ka kɛ.
Infrastructure scaling bɛ farikolo gɛlɛyaw jira. Batiri gigafactories jɔli bɛ san 2-4 de wajibiya k’a ta dugukolo daminɛni na ka se u dilanni ma. San 2019 ni 2024 cɛ, Ameriki batiri izini porozɛw cayara ka bɔ baarakɛyɔrɔ 4 la minnu bɛ baara la walima minnu bɛ baara la -so jɔli la ka se 34 ma minnu bolodara, minnu bɛ baara la, walima minnu bɛ sen na. O bɛ bonya kabakoma jira nka hali bi a b’a to Ameriki bɛ a jigi da fɛnw kan minnu bɛ na ni a ye jamana kɔnɔ a ka batiri mago fanba la fo ka se san 2030 ma.
Fɛnɲɛnɛma ɲinini bɛ lafiya di mɔgɔ ma min tɛ sigiyɔrɔ sɔrɔ. Sodium-ion batiriw, solid-state batiriw, ani fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw bɛ se ka dɔ bɔ litiyamu tali la, nka sisan sodium-ion fɛɛrɛ bɛ litiyamu-ion fanga hakɛ 60-70% dɔrɔn di ani 5000 ni 8000{16}}10000 chargement cycles. Sinuwa jamana ka Jiangling Motors ye kuran mɔbiliw bɔ minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni sodiyɔmu-ion batiriw ye san 2024 Zanwuyekalo la, u sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ ni dɔrɔmɛ 8000-10% ye ka tɛmɛ litiyamu bɔlenw kan-nka u ka se hakɛ danmadɔ bɛ baarakɛcogo dan sigi kurunbaw kɔnɔ minnu bɛ taa yɔrɔjan. Batiri solide-state bɛ layidu jira nka u yɔrɔ ka jan sugu labɔli la u hakɛ la.
Ameriki fanga minisiriso ka san 2024 Batiriw Sekɔrɔ ka seginnkanni ye gɛlɛya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw jira : jamana kɔnɔ seko danma sɔrɔli siratigɛ la, Sinuwa tɔnba minnu bɛ fanga la, olu musakaw ni IP nafaw, sigicogo gɛlɛyaw kapitali musakaw kan, suguw ka wulibaliya ani ɲininiw dankarili, suguw kɔgɔbaliya ni u ma jɛya, ani baarakɛlaw ka gɛlɛyaw jɔli ni baara kuntaalajanw bɛɛ la.
Baarakɛlaw yiriwali bɛ dɔ fara a kan tuma caman na{0}}gɛlɛyaw minnu ma jate. Batiri dilanni bɛ fɛɛrɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw de wajibiya. Baarakɛlaw ka sɔrɔ gɛlɛya bɛ mara minnu na, olu bɛ kɛlɛ kɛ walasa ka baarakɛlaw sɔrɔ gigafactori kura kɔnɔ, o bɛ baara bilali sumaya ani ka musakaw caya. Jago minisiriso ka sɔrɔ yiriwali ɲɛmɔgɔso ye dɔrɔmɛ miliyɔn 21 bila Nevada Tech Hub dɔ la min sinsinnen bɛ litiyamu-ion batiriw kan ani miliyɔn 45 bila Karolina Saheliyanfan-Georgia Tech Hub dɔ la min sinsinnen bɛ rezow muɲuli kan, marali sen bɛ o la, k’a dɔn ko baarakɛlaw ka danfara bɛ fɛnw dilancogo muɲuli bila farati la i n’a fɔ yɔrɔw jɔli.
Segin-ka-bɔnye bɛ se ka laban ka fɛn dɔw datugu, ka "sɔrɔko sɛrɛkili" dɔ da, min kɔnɔ, batiriw bɛ ɲɛnamaya laban{1}}fɛnw di fɛn fɔlɔw ma walasa ka fɛn kuraw dilan. Nka, sisan fɛnw seginni seko bɛ bonya joona ka tɛmɛ batiri laban-sɔrɔlenw kan, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka seko tɛmɛnenw lawuli waati surun kɔnɔ ani porozew tiɲɛni minnu bɛ se ka kɛ. Paradox : batiri kura musakaw dɔgɔyali bɛ batiri fɔlɔ-ɲɛnamaya kɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la ka tɛmɛn ɲɛnamaya filanan-lifanga seginlenw kan, o bɛ sɔrɔko lamini yiriwali sumaya hali ni sigida nafaw bɛ yen.
Duration Dilemma: Ni Lɛrɛ Naani tɛ Se ka Kɛ
Batiri marayɔrɔ fanba minnu sigilen don bi, olu bɛ sanga 2-4 bɔ ni fanga hakɛ dantigɛlen ye. O waati kuntaala bɛ se ka kɛ rezow baara caman ye nka a bɛ bɛnbaliya jɔnjɔn dɔ lawuli ni dekarbonizasiyɔn wajibiyalenw ye minnu bɛ sɔn a ma kɛnɛ kan.
Fiziki bɛ iko a tilennen don-batiri 100 MW / 400 MWh bɛ se ka bɔ ni fanga dafalen ye sanga 4 kɔnɔ. O waati in bɛ wulada doni girinya wulicogo ɲɛnabɔ Kalifɔrni ni Teksas, waati min na tile bɔli bɛ tiɲɛ tilebin fɛ nka fiɲɛdilan ɲinini bɛ to ka caya. A bɛ kuma frequency regulation ni kɔrɔtɔko jaabi wajibiyalenw fanba kan. Wa sɔrɔko siratigɛ la, sanga 4 sigidaw ye yɔrɔ duman dɔ gosi yɔrɔ min na, fanga hakɛ cayalenba musaka ka dɔgɔ kilowati kelen kɔnɔ ka tɛmɛ fanga seko kan, o b’a to u bɛ mɔgɔ ɲɛnajɛ fanga arbitrage la.
Nka aw ye gɛlɛya wɛrɛ jateminɛ : ka wulada kuran ɲinini dafa tile caman waati cogoya la ni tile ni fiɲɛ bɔli dɔgɔyara. Alimanjamana bɛ o kunbɛn tuma bɛɛ nɛnɛ waatiw la, degunba-degunw na minnu bɛ na ni fiɲɛ nɛnɛman ye, fiɲɛ lafiyalen. Kalifɔrni y’a sɔrɔ san 2022 Sɛtanburukalo la, waati min na funteni, kungo tasumaw ani mɔgɔw ka bɔnɔgɔla tiɲɛniw tun bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ. O cogoyaw la, sanga 4-batiriw bɛ ban wulada daminɛ na tile fɔlɔ, o kɔfɛ, u bɛ sigi lankolon na fo lɛri 48{11}}72 bɛ se ka kɛ fo tile walima fiɲɛ bɔli ka daminɛ kokura fo ka se k’u charge kokura. Nin kuntaala dantigɛli in bɛ batiri fanga maracogo nafaw ni a dɛsɛw jira minnu nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ: baarakɛcogo danma don o don wotoro bolicogo la, seko dafalen tɛ tile caman -don muɲuli magow la. Nin waati dantigɛli in bɛ misali di batiri fanga maracogo nafamaw ni a dɛsɛw ma-ka tɛmɛn don o don wotoro bolicogo kan k’a sɔrɔ a dɛsɛra tile caman muɲuli la.
NREL ka sɛnɛfɛnw marali siniɲɛsigi sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye fanga marali kuntaalajan (LDES)-sisɛtiw sɛgɛsɛgɛ minnu bɛ bɔli kɛ sanga 10+ kɔnɔ-k’a ye ko hali ni dannaya tɛ jɔyɔrɔ tigitigiw la, nafa minnu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ olu bɛ bonya kosɛbɛ rezow kɔnɔ minnu tɛ karɔbɔni bɔ kosɛbɛ, ni doncogo kura bɛ se ka don u kɔnɔ kosɛbɛ. San 2035 na, i n’a fɔ rezow caman bɛ fanga kura sɔrɔcogo 80%+ laɲini, waati kɔnɔ marali walima tile caman -don lakanani mago bɛ kɛ fɛn ye min tɛ se ka bali. Lɛrɛ naani-batiriw tɛ se dɔrɔn ka nɛnɛ dɔgɔkun lafiyalenw, sankaba bɛ minnu na.
Sɔrɔko bɛ waati dantigɛli juguya. Ni i ye waati kuntaala fara batiriw kan, o bɛ musaka kɛ dɔrɔmɛ 250-350/kWh ɲɔgɔn na fanga seko wɛrɛ la (n’an y’a miiri ko fanga ɛntɛrinɛti bɛ to cogo kelen na). Ni sistɛmu dɔ janya bɛ bɔ sanga 4 la ka se sanga 10 ma, o bɛ fanga marali musaka fara 150% kan. Ni -tile kɔnɔ arbitrage ye, nin waridon in man teli ka sara-nafa min minɛna, o bɛ jigin kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ sanga 6-8 kan bawo don o don sɔngɔko siratigɛ fanba bɛ kɛ finɛtiri surunw kɔnɔ. Nka walasa ka dannaya sɔrɔ rezow la tile caman ja kura sɔrɔlenw waati la, waati jan bɛ kɛ wajibi ye hali ni sɔrɔko jɔlen barika ka dɔgɔ.
Fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw bɛ o kuntaala danfara in laɲini. Ji marali ni pɔnpe ye (min bɛ kɛ 90%+ ye sisan diɲɛ kɔnɔ waati jan-waati seko la) bɛ se ka tile walima dɔgɔkun caman fanga mara, nka a bɛ dugukoloko kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw de wajibiya-kuluw, ji ani yɔrɔ. Fiɲɛ minɛlen fanga marali, funteni marali, idɔrɔzi sitɛmuw, ani jibɔ batiriw bɛɛ bɛ layidu ta tile caman-la marali la ka se waati kɔnɔ, nka u kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ fɛɛrɛko, sɔrɔko walima sɛgɛsɛgɛli gɛlɛyaw la minnu bɛ baara teliya bali.
A jateminɛna ko Ameriki mago bɛ batiri marali se 23-27 GW cɛ san 2030 na ka kɛɲɛ ni Clean Power 2030 Action Plan-a ye, o ye wuliba ye ka bɔ 4,5 GW la san 2024 daminɛ na. Hali n’i ye nin laɲini jugu in sɔrɔ, o tɛ se ka mago ɲɛ kuntaalajanw ɲɛ. COP29 sɔnna diɲɛ fanga marali laɲini ma, n’o ye GW 1500 ye san 2030 kɔnɔ (ka tɛmɛn GW 340 kan bi, ji pɔnpe kɔgɔlen fana sen bɛ o la), k’a dɔn wariko wajibiyalen hakɛ kan.
Sinuwa bɛ LDES yiriwali ɲɛminɛ gɔfɛrɛnaman ka cikanw ni fɛn dilanni seko fɛ. Arabu Sawudi ye porozɛ 14 GW / 53 GWh mara se san 2033 ma walasa k’a ka 50% fanga kura sɔrɔcogo laɲini dɛmɛ, k’a jɛya ko a bɛna waati jan{5}}sitɛmuw don batiri kɔrɔw kɛrɛfɛ. O layidu ninnu b’a jira ko a dɔnna ko sanga 4 batiriw tɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka rezow kura sɔrɔ ka ɲɛ.
Porozɛ dilannikɛlaw bɛ waati bɛnbaliya sɔrɔ. Sisan suguw bɛ sara di minnu bɛ kɛ waati kunkurunnin kɔnɔ, minnu bɛ teliya-jaabi sekow la, minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sanga 4-litiyɔmu-ion batiriw fɛ minnu ka fisa ni tɔw ye. Kuntaalajan marali bɛ to musaka jugu la bawo seko suguw ma ladamu ka nafa don tile caman-daŋaniya la. Ka wari bila 10+ lɛrɛ marali la bi, a ka c’a la, o kɔrɔ ye ka sɔn suguw ka nafaw ma duguma-k’a sɔrɔ i bɛ sariyaw ni suguw dilanni makɔnɔ walasa ka se ka sɔrɔ-jagokɛlaw ka laɲini gɛlɛn dɔ.
Waati kuntaalajan ɲɛnabɔcogo bɛ tali kɛ fɛɛrɛw la minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ : ka sanga 4-batiriw fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni gazi pikiriw ye, ka batiriw sigicogo bonya ka tɛmɛ rezow ɲɔgɔndan seko kan, walima ka sigida misɛnnin caman bila sen kan ni charge/discharge cogoyaw ye minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn falen-falen. Ninnu si tɛ waati kuntaala danfara ɲɛnabɔ cogo dafalen na, nka u bɛ jɔli kɛcogo ɲumanw di k’a sɔrɔ kuntaalajan fɛɛrɛw bɛ kɔgɔ.
Baara gɛlɛyaw: Tiɲɛ min bɛ Specs kɔfɛ
Batiri fanga marali mankan ka nɔgɔn teori la-charge ni kuran sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ, a bɔli ni a sɔngɔ ka gɛlɛn. Baarakɛcogo lakikaw bɛ ni gɛlɛyaw ye minnu bɛ hali baarakɛlaw minnu bɛ se kosɛbɛ, olu lafili.
Invertɛriw ka filiw, selilɛri barikamaw, ani modulu sɛrɛkiliw balanbaliya bɛ baara gɛlɛyaw lisɛli sanfɛ minnu bɛ sistɛmuw bali ka fanga tɔgɔlama dafalen di waati latigɛlenw kɔnɔ. Ninnu tɛ dɛsɛ juguw ye minnu bɛ fɛn caman cili wajibiya. U ye ko nɔgɔlenw ye minnu bɛ dɔ bɔ seko sɔrɔli la ni 5-15% ye, ka 100 MW sigida tigɛli kɛ ka kɛ 85-90 MW nafolo ye min bɛ dɛsɛ bɛnkansɛbɛnw layidu talenw na.
State-of-sarako fɔli b’a jira ko a ka gɛlɛn ka tɛmɛ a tun bɛ fɔ cogo min na. Batiriw ɲɛnabɔcogo bɛ seko tɔ jateminɛ ka da tension, current ani temperature kan, nka tiɲɛni bɛ dɔgɔya waati tɛmɛnen kɔfɛ ni seliluw kɔrɔla cogo bɛnbali la. Sisitɛmu min bɛ 80% cogoya-sara jira, o bɛ se ka kɛ tiɲɛ na 70% walima 90% ye, o bɛ ci bilali dannayabaliya lawuli. Ni rezow baarakɛlaw ye bɔli dafalen ɲini k’a sɔrɔ u bɛ sanga 4 bɔli makɔnɔ, n’u y’a ye sanga 3,2 kɔfɛ ko seko jateminɛna ka tɛmɛ, o bɛ baarakɛbaliya lawuli.
Suguda ɲɛnabɔli bɛ porogaramu caman de wajibiya. ERCOT ni CAISO bɛ baara kɛ ni multi-interval optimisation ye min bɛ sɔngɔw fɔ lɛrɛ caman ka kɔn o ɲɛ, k’a latigɛ ni batiriw ka kan ka charge, ka bɔ, ka state-hold-charge, walima hali ka chargement kɛ cogo la min tɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la sisan k’a jira ko nafa caman bɛ bɔ -bɔli cogoyaw la kɔfɛ. Nka optimisation horizons b’a jira ko danma-waati lakika- suguw bɛ ɲɛfɛ a ka c’a la sanga 1-2. Ni sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw kɛra tile daminɛ na k’a sɔrɔ u ma miiri, batiriw bɛ bɔ joona kojugu, ka don wulada waatiw la minnu ka ca kosɛbɛ, u yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ ban. Kalifɔrni ISO ka jamana-sarako gɛlɛyaw y’a ɲini k’o ɲɛnabɔ san 2022 samiyɛ kɔnɔ, nka gɛlɛya in bɛ senna.
Fɛrɛnkan jaabi wajibiyalenw bɛ sɔsɔ ni fanga arbitrage laɲiniw ye. Grid baarakɛlaw bɛ batiriw ka seko jate kosɛbɛ walasa ka frequency regulation continue di, ka bɔli ladilan tuma bɛɛ walasa ka balansi don sɔrɔ ni ɲinini na. Nka o cyclage in bɛ funteni lawuli, ka tiɲɛni teliya, ka state-of-sara min baarakɛlaw b’a fɛ k’o mara fanga bɔli sɔngɔ gɛlɛn na-sɔngɔba la. Porozɛ minnu bɛ bɛnkansɛbɛn kɛ baara caman kama, olu ka kan ka balansi don ɲininiw na minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔsɔ waati-waati-waati.
Jɛɲɔgɔnya bɛnkanw bɛ gɛlɛyaw lase mɔgɔ ma minnu ma labɛn. Rezow ɲɔgɔndan yɔrɔw seko dan bɛ-batiri min bonya ye MW 100 ye, o bɛ se ka don rezow node la min bɛ MW 75 dɔrɔn dɛmɛ, o b’a ɲini batiri fɛ a ka bɔli dɔgɔya hali n’a bɛ se ka tɛmɛ o kan. Transformer ni substation minɛnw dantigɛli, walima nafamafɛnw haminankow sigida rezow nɔfɛkow kan, o bɛ batiriw wajibiya tuma caman na u ka baara kɛ u ka fɛɛrɛbɔ seko jukɔrɔ.
Weelekun bɛ baarakɛcogo gɛlɛyaw lase. Funteni jugumanba bɛ nɛnɛ jugu de wajibiya walasa ka funteni bolicogo bali, ka fanga ta ani ka dɔ bɔ sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli la. Nɛnɛba bɛ batiri ka kemikaliya sumaya, ka dɔ bɔ bɔli seko ni fanga seko la. Nɛnɛ bɛ nɔ bila ɛntɛrinɛti kan. Bugun ni cɛncɛn minnu bɛ kungo kɔnɔ fɛnw na, olu bɛ fiɲɛbɔlanw datugu ani ka tile pannew datugu (yɔrɔw la minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ). Nin sigidako ninnu man teli ka ye seko ni dɔnko kalanw na nka u bɛ nɔba bila baarakɛcogo sɔrɔlenw na.
Ladonni finɛtiriw bɛ sɔrɔ tiɲɛ. Batiri moduluw, inverterw, nɛnɛbɔlanw ani kɔlɔsilikɛminɛnw bɛɛ ka kan ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ tuma ni tuma, ka u sɛgɛsɛgɛ ani ka u falen. Ni i ye 100 MW sitɛmu ta ka bɔ ɛntɛrinɛti kan walasa ka ladonni bolodalen kɛ, o bɛ sɔrɔ bɛ se ka sɔrɔ tile walima dɔgɔkun caman bɔ, o bɛɛ n’a ta, ka ladonni bila kɔfɛ, o bɛ dɔ fara dɛsɛ faratiw kan. Ladonni waati bolodacogo ɲuman sɔrɔli min bɛ dannaya ni sɔrɔ caya bɛ bɛn, o bɛ baarakɛlaw gɛlɛya.
Baarakɛcogo garanti minnu bɛ sɔrɔ feereli bɛnkansɛbɛnw kɔnɔ, olu bɛ bolokɔni- jira ni koɲɛw wulila. Batiri sitɛmu min ma baara kɛ ka ɲɛ, o bɛ se ka bɔ selilɛri dilanni nafama na, inverter gɛlɛyaw, integration filiw, baarakɛcogo ɲuman tɛ, walima u faralen ɲɔgɔn kan. A ka c’a la, bɛnkansɛbɛnw bɛ kunkanbaaraw jateminɛ selilɛri dilannikɛlaw, sistɛmu jɛɲɔgɔnw, ani baarakɛlaw cɛ-ka filiw latigɛ ani ka furaw waleya, o bɛ se ka kalo caman kɛ sɔsɔli la k’a sɔrɔ sistɛmu bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka baara kɛ ka ɲɛ.
Baarakɛlaw ka dɔnniya bɛ dan sigi baarakɛcogo la. Batiri jɔyɔrɔba dɔ bolicogo bɛ fanga ɛntɛrinɛti faamuyali de wajibiya, rezow baarakɛcogo, suguya jɔcogo, batiri chimie, ani funteni maracogo. Baarakɛla damadɔw de bɛ ni o seko ninnu bɛɛ ye. Fɛnɲɛnɛma minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni baarakɛlaw ye minnu tɛ se kosɛbɛ walima minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni O&M baarakɛlaw ye minnu cɛsirilen don, olu ka teli ka 70-80% sɔrɔ baarakɛcogo la min bɛ se ka kɛ, o tɛ kɛ minɛnw gɛlɛyaw fɛ nka baarakɛcogo filiw fɛ-sarali waati juguw la, ka jaabi jugu di sugu taamasiɲɛw ma, walima ka funteni ɲɛnabɔ cogo jugu la.
Porozɛw kurayali bɛ ko dɔw lase mɔgɔ ma minnu tɛ se ka fɔ ka ɲɛ. BESS sigicogo bi, u bɛ tali kɛ kunnafoniko porogaramuw la minnu ka bon kosɛbɛ, minnu dilannikɛlaw bɛ to ka minnu sɛmɛntiya walasa ka baara kɛcogo ɲɛ walima ka filiw ɲɛnabɔ. Nka fɛn kura kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ farati la ka gɛlɛya kuraw lase-kurayali min bɛ charge curves ɲɛnabɔ, o bɛ se ka selilɛri balanbaliya lawuli k’a sɔrɔ a ma dɔn, walima suguya jɛ-ka-baara patch bɛ se ka ISO taamasiɲɛw kɔrɔ fɔ cogo jugu la. Installations ka kan ka balansi don porogaramuw tocogo kura la ni sabatili ye.
Sariyasunba ka dankarili diɲɛ suguw bɛɛ kɔnɔ
Politiki dɛmɛni ye batiri marali bonya kosɛbɛ, nka sariyasunba bɛ kɛlɛ kɛ walasa ka taa ɲɛ ni a bilali ye, o bɛ dannayabaliya lawuli min bɛ wariko latigɛw gɛlɛya.
Ameriki ka nafolosɔrɔta dɔgɔyali sariya ka 30% wari bilali impositi dɔgɔyali min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛnmarayɔrɔw ma minnu bɛ u yɛrɛ ma, o ye porozɛ sɔrɔko caman sɛmɛntiya su kelen kɔnɔ, n’a tɛmɛna san 2022. Fɔlɔ, fɛnmarayɔrɔw ni tile tun bɛ se ka impositi dɔgɔyali sɔrɔ, nka sigida jɔlenw tun tɛ o kɛ. IRA ka setigiya ye porozɛ ba caman kɛ wariko siratigɛ la, o kɛra sababu ye ka sisan baarakɛcogo yiriwa. Nka Trump ka fanga nata ka se ka IRA ka dusudonw lajɔ-waati ni a bonya dɔnbali-o bɛ jɔrɔnanko lase porozɛw ma minnu bɛ yiriwali la.
Tarifu jiginni bɛ dannayabaliya juguya. BloombergNEF ye misali kɛ ko kɛlenw na, yɔrɔ minnu na san 2026 Siginiden 301 tarifu jiginni bolodalenw bɛ musakaw wuli 60% ni i y’a suma ni san 2025 ta ye ni Ameriki ye tarifu hakɛ 60% waleya batiriw kan minnu bɛ na ka bɔ Sinuwa jamana na. O tun bɛna musakaw segin san 2024 hakɛw la, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka baara bilali fanga sumaya. Dumping kɛlɛli sɛgɛsɛgɛli min daminɛna san 2025 zanwuyekalo la Sinuwa anode fɛnw kan, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka jagokɛlaw bila ka Sinuwa-bɔyɔrɔ yɔrɔw kɛ sɔrɔko tɛ minnu na, o bɛ wajibiya ka fɛnw dilancogo kura teliya.
Erɔpu jamanaw ka sariyasunba taabolo tɛ kelen ye nka a bɛ gɛlɛyaw lawuli minnu bɛ taa ɲɔgɔn fɛ. EU ka batiri sariya bɛ yamaruya di ko u ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ kosɛbɛ litiyamu, kobalt, nikɛri ani grafite nafama sɔrɔyɔrɔw kan, ka carbone sennakow taamasiɲɛw kɛ, fɛn minnu bɛ segin ka kɛ fɛn wɛrɛw ye, ani fɛn dilannenw jogoɲumanya sariyaw. O wajibiw bɛ sabatili sabati, wa u laɲini ye ka Erɔpu fɛn dilannikɛlaw dɛmɛ u ka se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ, nka u bɛ sariya labatoli musakaw fara u kan ani seereyaw latɛmɛni minnu bɛ porozɛw sumaya.
Jɛɲɔgɔnya siraw bɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ ka buteli-kɛnɛ dɔ jira. Ameriki jamana na, 3000 GW ni kɔ porozɛw bɛ sigi ɲɔgɔn cɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya siraw kɔnɔ-a bɛ se ka kɛ sisan seko sigilen ye siɲɛ saba. Kalanw ni rezow sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ san caman ta, ni mara porozɛw bɛ san 3-5 makɔnɔ, k’a ta baarakɛcogo la fo ka se fanga sɔrɔli ma. FERC ka yamaruya 2023 b’a ɲini ka nin wale in sɛmɛntiya, nka a waleyali bɛ danfara ka kɛɲɛ ni ISO ye ani nafamafɛnw bɛ u sen sama fɛnkurabɔw kan minnu bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔndan teliya.
Suguda dilanni bɛ kɔfɛ fɛɛrɛko seko la. Seko sugu fanba dabɔra funteni-minɛnw kama minnu ka cicogo bɛ se ka fɔ ka ɲɛ ani minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sanga caman -lɛrɛ caman na. Batiriw bɛ jaabi milisekɔndi kɔnɔ, wa u bɛ se ka wuli ka bɔ chargement ni chargement cɛ siɲɛ caman lɛrɛ kɔnɔ. Sariya minnu bɛ yen, olu ka teli ka dɛsɛ ka nin seko kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ninnu musaka bɔ ka ɲɛ walima min ka jugu ni o bɛɛ ye, k’u ɲangi-seko sugu dɔw bɛ batiri fanga dantigɛli jate ka kɛɲɛ n’u sɔrɔli hakɛ ye hali ni batiriw bɛ fanga dafalen di ni dannaya ye waati latigɛlenw kɔnɔ.
Lakanali sariyaw bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka wuli, ka laɲiniw da minnu bɛ taa. UL 9540 ni 9540A ye tasuma lakanani sɛgɛsɛgɛli sariyaw sigi senkan minnu bɛ tali kɛ kosɛbɛ Ameriki Woroduguyanfan na, nka o sariyaw bɛ wuli tuma bɛɛ ni ko kɛlenw bɛ danfara jira. Porozɛ minnu dabɔra ka kɛɲɛ ni san 2022 sariyaw ye, olu bɛ se ka kɛ ni wajibi kura ye sanni u jɔli ka ban, o la, u ka kan ka u jɔcogo kura sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw kɛ. Asiransi sɛbɛnnikɛlaw bɛ ka lakana sariyaw sigi ka taa a fɛ minnu bɛ tɛmɛ sariyaw hakɛ dantigɛlenw kan, ka musakaw fara u kan minnu tun ma kɛ baarakɛnafolo ye.
Sinuwa jamana ka sariyasunba sigida bɛ dɛmɛ jugu ni pivot barikamaw fara ɲɔgɔn kan. Gofɛrɛnaman ye yamaruya di ko fanga kura sɔrɔcogo porozɛw ka kɛ fanga marali ye (a ka c’a la, 10-20% fanga kura sɔrɔcogo la), o bɛ BESS bilali baara kɛ kosɛbɛ. Nka faamaw ye sɔngɔ dantigɛli fana kɛ batiriw kan walasa ka hakilinata bali, ka fɛn dilanni nafaw digidigi, ani ka baara jɔ tuma dɔw la yɔrɔw la minnu ma lakana sɛgɛsɛgɛliw kɛ k’a sɔrɔ u ma lasɔmi. O bɛ sigida dɔ labɛn, dɛmɛ bɛ se ka kɛ fɛnba ye min kɔnɔ nka sariyaw bɛ Changé cogo la min tɛ se ka fɔ.
Grid codew bɛ fɛɛrɛko wajibiyalenw jira batiriw ka kan ka minnu dafa, nka o sariyaw tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni u ka fanga ye. Frequency response parameters, voltage ride-through capabilities, ramp rates, ani communication protocols, olu tɛ kelen ye ERCOT, CAISO, PJM, Erɔpu rezow kodew, ani Ɔsitarali NEM cɛ. Dilanbaga minnu bɛ batiriw dilan diɲɛ suguw kama, olu ka kan ka nin fɛn caman ɲɔgɔnna caman ladon, ka musaka fara a kan, walima ka mara-kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɔcogo dilan, ka dɔ bɔ sɔrɔko la.
Ka yamaruya di, o b’a jira ko a tɛ se ka fɔ ka ɲɛ. Sigida gɔfɛrɛnaman minnu bɛ batiri marali laɲiniw ɲɛnabɔ, tuma caman na, dɔnniya tɛ olu la walasa ka faratiw jateminɛ, o bɛ na ni lastikuw-timbrew sɔnni ye walima ka u janto kojugu. Sigidamɔgɔw ka kɛlɛ kɛlen kɔfɛ tasumaba-porofaraw kɔfɛ, o bɔra kɛnɛ kan mara caman kɔnɔ, dugudenw b’a ɲini ka kɔsegin yɔrɔjanw tɛmɛn dan waleyali kan walima ka porozɛw bali pewu. Jamana dɔw ye sariya sigi waati dɔɔnin kɔnɔ batiri marali yamaruyaw kan lakanako ko kɛlenw kɔfɛ, ka yiriwali kɛ nɛnɛ ye, poroze kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka ɲumanya mana kɛ min o min ye.
Sibɛri lakanani wajibiyalenw bɛ sariyasunba dancɛ dɔ jira min bɛ ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan. NERC CIP sariyaw bɛ tali kɛ grid-scale batiri dɔw la nka sariya labatoli bɛ to ka bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma. Ni marali bɛ ka kɛ grid-kɔrɔba ye, aw bɛ sibɛri lakanani hukumu wajibiyalenw makɔnɔ, jatebɔ wajibiyalenw, ani minɛnw dantigɛli minnu bɛ se ka kɛ Sinuwa-bɔyɔrɔ kɔlɔsili siraw kan-o bɛɛ bɛ sariya labatoli musakaw ni poroze gɛlɛyaw fara ɲɔgɔn kan.
Sigida laminiko nɔ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ ka tɛmɛn gazi bɔlenw dɔgɔyali kan
Batiri marali bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fanga kura sɔrɔlenw fara ɲɔgɔn kan, nka o fɛɛrɛ in bɛ sigida jateminɛw don a kɔnɔ minnu b’a tɔgɔ "green" gɛlɛya.
Minɛnko nɔfɛkow bɛ ɲɛnamaya taabolo sɛgɛsɛgɛli daminɛ. Litiyamu bɔli ni sajibɔ ye Ameriki Saheliyanfan "litiyɔmu kɛrɛ saba" la, o bɛ ji caman dun yɔrɔ jalenw na, ka nɔ bila sigida jidagayɔrɔw la ani ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni sɛnɛko ni sigidamɔgɔw ye nafolo dɛsɛko la. Litiyamu tɔni kelen kelen bɛɛ min bɛ bɔ, o bɛ a ɲini ka jisuma galɔn 500 000 ɲɔgɔn kɛ a la. Sili jamana ka Atacama kungo kɔnɔ, minɛnko baara ye jiko gɛlɛyaw bonya minnu bɛ jamanadenw ka sigidaw degun.
Farakurun gɛlɛnw litiyamu bɔli Ɔsitarali jamana na, o bɛ nɔ wɛrɛw bila-sɛnɛko kɔrɔlenw ka dugukolo tiɲɛni na, fanga tacogo la, ani bɔgɔbɔli la. Kobalt bɔli Kongo Demokaratiki jamana na, o bɛ hadamadenw ka josariyaw haminankow kan minnu sɛbɛnnen don koɲuman, i n’a fɔ denmisɛnw ka baara, baarakɛcogo lakananenw, ani sigida tiɲɛni minnu bɛ bɔ minɛnko baarakɛcogo labɛnbaliw la. Nikilɛri bɔli Ɛndonezi jamana na, o ye kungo tiɲɛni bila sen kan ani ka bɔgɔ toxic (banakisɛ) koɲɛw lawuli.
Batiriw dilanni bɛ gazi bɔ kosɛbɛ. Batiri seliw dilanni bɛ fanga{1}}taamasenɲɛw de wajibiya-ɛlektrɔni dacogo, selilu lajɛli, formation cycling-min ka teli ka kɛ ni kɔɔri kuran ye Sinuwa jamana na. Kalan dɔ y’a jira ko CO2 kilo 61-106 bɛ kilowati kelen na ka bɔ fɛn dilanni na, o kɔrɔ ye ko batiri 100 MWh bɛ CO2 mɛtɛrɛ tɔni 6100-10600 bɔ sanni a k’a kilowati-lɛrɛ fɔlɔ mara. O "karɔbɔ juru" in bɛ san 1-3 de wajibiya kɔɔri jiginni na sanni batiriw ka se ka kabon nafa jɛlen sɔrɔ.
Ɲɛnamaya laban-filili bɛ gɛlɛyaw lase minnu ma ɲɛnabɔ. Litiyamu-ion batiriw kɔnɔ, baga bɛ u la minnu ka kan ka kɛ ni hakili ye. Hali n’a y’a sɔrɔ ko a bɛ se ka segin ka kɛ fɛn wɛrɛ ye, sisan fɛnw seginni hakɛ bɛ to 5% jukɔrɔ diɲɛ kɔnɔ EV ni batiri marayɔrɔw la. Pirometallurgique recyclage (smelting) bɛ nɛgɛw sɔrɔ nka a bɛ litiyamu bɔnɛ a la, wa a bɛ funteni caman de wajibiya. Jilafɛnw seginni (chemique bɔli) bɛ fɛn caman sɔrɔ nka a bɛ baara kɛ ni kemikɛli faratilenw ye ani ka ji nɔgɔlen nɔgɔlenw bɔ. Segin-ka-bɔnye tilennen (farikolo farali ni a labɛncogo kura) bɛ layidu jira nka a bɛ to k’a kɛ k’a lajɛ.
Sɔrɔko bɛ fɛnw lasegincogo bali. Litiyamu bɔli batiriw la minnu bɛ ɲɛnamaya laban-, o musaka ka ca ni litiyamu kura bɔli ye ni sɔngɔ sigilen bɛ dɔrɔmɛ 20.000 jukɔrɔ tɔni kelen na. Sɔngɔko jiginni waati dɔrɔn de la, fɛnw lasegincogo bɛ kɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la, k’a sɔrɔ dɛmɛ ma kɛ. O kɔrɔ ye ko batiri fanba minnu bɛ se-ɲɛnamaya laban ma, olu bɛ bila fɛnmarayɔrɔw la, ka bila binkɛnɛ na jamanaw kɔnɔ minnu ka sariyaw ka nɔgɔn, walima ka ci diɲɛ kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ “bɔgɔ.”
Dugukolo baara nɔfɛkow nafa ka bon nafabɔ siratigɛ la. Batiri 100 MW / 400 MWh sigili bɛ 5-10 acres ɲɔgɔn ta-o ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ ni tile walima fiɲɛ seko ye min bɛ bɛn o ma, nka a tɛ ko ye min tɛ fosi ye. Porozɛ minnu bɛ sigi foro jɛmanw kan walima izini dugukolow kan, olu bɛ dɔ bɔ sigida laminiko la, nka sigili dɔw bɛ sigida sigiyɔrɔw walima sɛnɛyɔrɔw bɔ u nɔ na. Kungo kɔnɔ sigili bɛ sigiyɔrɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni u nɔgɔyali fɛɛrɛw wajibiya fɛnɲɛnama suguya lakananenw na.
Mankan nɔgɔli bɛ nɔ bila sigida kɛrɛfɛlaw la. Invertɛriw ni nɛnɛbɔlanw bɛ mankanba lawuli tuma bɛɛ min bɛ se ka mɛtɛrɛ kɛmɛ caman ta. Hali n’a mankan ka bon ka tɛmɛ gazi turbine walima substation kan, nɛnɛbɔlanw ni transformateur hum ka baara kɛ tile 24/7, o bɛ dimi bila sigiyɔrɔw la. Jamana dɔw bɛ mankan dantigɛ minnu bɛ mankan barika sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw wajibiya walima ka kɔsegin yɔrɔjanw wajibiya.
Fɛn minnu bɛ ye, olu bɛ sigidamɔgɔw kɛlɛ. Batiri modulu minnu bonya ye kurunbokari-minɛnw-kuluw ye, lamini kogow, yeelenbɔlanw, ani minɛn minnu bɛ tali kɛ o la, olu tɛ ɲɛnajɛko ye. Hali n’a tɛ mɔgɔw ɲɛnafin bɔ kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ fiɲɛbɔlanw walima nɛnɛbɔlanw kan, batiriw sigili bɛ NIMBY kɛlɛli sɔrɔ yɔrɔw la minnu cɛ ka ɲi walima minnu nafa ka bon-. Camouflage walima landscaping bɛ musakaw fara a kan.
Kuranko minnu bɛ bɔ minɛnw na minnu ka teli ka wuli-, olu bɛ jateminɛ kɛ. Hali ni batiriw bɛ EMF dɔgɔya ka tɛmɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kan, sigibagaw kɛrɛfɛ sigibagaw bɛ kɛnɛya haminankow fɔ tuma dɔw la. Lakanali jirali bɛ sumani kalanw ni sigidamɔgɔw dɛmɛni de wajibiya-waati ni wari man teli ka kɛ baarakɛnafolo la ka ɲɛ.
Ji min bɛ kɛ ka nɛnɛ kɛ, o bɛ i n’a fɔ a ka dɔgɔn nka a bɛ dalajɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli la. Installation belebele dɔw bɛ baara kɛ ni nɛnɛ ye min bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalan ye, ka galɔn ba caman dun don o don ji-yɔrɔw la minnu ka dɔgɔ. O bɛ gɛlɛya don yɔrɔw la i n’a fɔ Arizona walima Nevada, jiko minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔsɔ, olu bɛ degun sɔrɔyɔrɔw ɲini kaban.
Bololabaara nɔfɛkow bɛ fɛnw dilancogo cakɛda la. Batiri yɔrɔw cili diɲɛ kɔnɔ-seliw ka bɔ Sinuwa, invertɛriw ka bɔ Erɔpu, transformateurw ka bɔ Ameriki Woroduguyanfan-bɛ gazi bɔlenw ni sirabaw jɔli lase ni u lase yɔrɔw la. Konteyna kurunw, dizili kamiyɔnw, ani sigilanw bɛɛ bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw jeni, ka dɔ fara o sistɛmu ka karɔbɔli kan.
Ɲɛnamaya kɔnɔna na, kabon jatebɔ bɛ to sɔsɔli la. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu bɛ kɛ ni jigiya ye, olu b’a jira ko batiriw bɛ nafa sɔrɔ karɔbɔli la san 1-2 kɔnɔ ni u bɛ kɔɔri bila yɔrɔ wɛrɛ la. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli jigitigɛlenw minnu bɛ jateminɛ kɛ fɛn dilanni na fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɔli la, fɛnw cili bɔnɛw, ani ɲɛnamaya waati surun-ka tɛmɛ-a jiralen kan, o bɛ sarali janya fo ka se san 4-6 ma. Tiɲɛ bɛ danfara ka kɛɲɛ ni grid carbon intensity ye, cycling patterns yɛrɛyɛrɛw, ani lifespan-factors sɔrɔlenw minnu bɛ danfaraba la ka kɛɲɛ ni installation ye.
Nafolo faratiw ɲɛfɔli: Investisseurs bɛ min ɲɛnabɔ tiɲɛ na
Baarakɛlaw bɛ batiri marali jira iko farati dɔgɔman-fɛnsɔrɔsiraw, nka wariko tiɲɛkow bɛ dankariliw don senkan minnu bɛ poroze wariko kɔrɔlenw gɛlɛya.
Sɔrɔko jiginni bɛ waridonnaw haminankow sanfɛ. Enerji arbitrage bɛ bɔ sɔngɔw jɛnsɛnni na minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta don o don, waati ni waati ani diɲɛ kɔnɔ. ERCOT batiri minnu ye dɔrɔmɛ 150/MWh jɛnsɛnni minɛ san 2022, olu ye dɔrɔmɛ 40/MWh jɛnsɛnni kunbɛn san 2024 daminɛ na, bawo seko wɛrɛw jiginna ka na. Sɔrɔko jateminɛ kuntaalajanw bɛ miirili juguw don sɔngɔ jiginni sabatili kan, tariku b’a jira ko minnu man teli ka kɛ.
Fɛnɲɛnɛmako farati bɛ nɔ bila nafabɔlanw na. Batiri baarakɛcogo bɛ dɔgɔya waati tɛmɛnen kɔfɛ, nka tiɲɛni hakɛ bɛ bɔ baarakɛcogo la min tɛna dɔn san caman kɔnɔ. Batiri min jatera ko a bɛna mɛn san 15 kɔnɔ, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka dɔ fara a kan kosɛbɛ san 8nan na, ka barika sɔrɔ ka wari miliyɔn caman ɲini min ma labɛn. Ni o tɛ, kemisi kura walima cogoya ɲɛnabɔli bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka sigida kɔrɔw kɛ fɛn kɔrɔw ye sɔrɔko siratigɛ la sanni u ka ɲɛnamaya ban farikolo la, ka nafolomafɛnw bila.
Politiki farati bɛ ka caya ka tɛmɛ tɔw bɛɛ kan. 30% nafolodonni impositi dɛmɛni bɛ porozew ka nafaw ɲɛ kosɛbɛ, nka impositi juru nafa bɛ bɔ impositi hakɛ bɛrɛbɛrɛ sɔrɔli la walasa ka juruw minɛ walima ka impositi jɛɲɔgɔnw sɔrɔ-u fila bɛɛ ka gɛlɛn sɔrɔko gɛlɛya waatiw la. Krediti dakun-bɔli, musaka dɔgɔyali, walima Repibiliki ka cɛsiriw walasa ka IRA sariyaw bɔ yen, o bɛ se ka poroze sɔrɔko gɛlɛya cɛmancɛ- jɔli la.
Farati min bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔsɔ, o bɛ jira cogo caman na. Grid baarakɛlaw walima utilités minnu bɛ bolonɔ bila seko ni dɔnko bɛnkanw na, olu bɛ se ka wariko gɛlɛya sɔrɔ, ka juruw dɔgɔya, walima ka banki fili, o bɛ batiriw to ni faturaw ye minnu ma sara. O kɛra jagokɛlaw ka fanga ko dɔw la san 2001-2002 Kalifɔrni fanga gɛlɛya waati la ani kɔsa in na ni nafabɔsira juru tiɲɛni ye suguw la minnu bɛ ka bonya.
Jagokɛlaw ka fɛnw jirali bɛ dannayabaliyaba lase mɔgɔw ma. Porozɛ minnu tɛ ni bɛnkansɛbɛn kuntaalajanw ye, olu bɛɛ bɛ tali kɛ sugu sɔrɔta la yɔrɔnin kelen, ka waridonnaw bila sɔngɔko la, ka ɲɔgɔndan kɛ ka bɔ donbaga kuraw la, walima ka sariyaw caman cili kɛ ka sɔrɔ siraw ban. Nafolosɔrɔsiraw bɛ ɲini ka sɔrɔ bɛnkansɛbɛn kɔnɔ min bɛ juruw baara 70%+ dafa walima ka bolomafaraw di minnu bɛ tɛmɛ 50% kan-o fila bɛɛ bɛ dɔ bɔ nafaw la walima poroze kɛcogo la.
Asiransi musakaw ni sɔrɔli bɛ wuli cogo la min tɛ se ka fɔ. Moss Landing ni ko wɛrɛw kɔfɛ, asiransi ye asiransi sariyaw gɛlɛya, ka dɔ fara u ka wari sarataw kan, ani ka wari caman bɔ u la. Dabɔbaga dɔw b’a fɔ ko sɔngɔko bɛ caya siɲɛ fila san-san-san walima ko coverage tɛ sɔrɔ sɔngɔ si la cogoya dɔw la. O bɛ miiriliw tigɛli kɛ san o san musaka 1-2% ko la ka kɛ 3-5% tiɲɛ ye, o bɛ nɔba bila wariko la.
Jɛɲɔgɔnya musaka dankarili bɛ baarakɛnafolo faratiw lase. Jateminɛ fɔlɔw minnu kɛra rezow ɲɔgɔndan na, olu bɛ se k’a miiri ko seko min bɛ yen, o bɛ se, nka kalan caman kɛlenw y’a jira ko transformateur (transformateur) caman cili wajibiyalen don, ka lakana siraw yiriwa, walima ka sɛnɛfɛnw sɛnɛyɔrɔw baara, minnu musaka ka ca ni miliyɔn caman ye ka tɛmɛ baarakɛnafolo bolodalen kan. Porozɛ dɔw bɛ "rɛzo sɛnɛcogo kura" tilayɔrɔw ɲɛnabɔ yɔrɔ min na u ka kan ka wari di fɛnw cicogo ɲɛnabɔli ma min bɛ nafa don baarakɛla caman na- musakaw la minnu bɛ se ka tɛmɛ batiri sitɛmu yɛrɛ kan.
Minɛnw dili kɔfɛ, o bɛ wariko waatibolodalenw tiɲɛ. Fɛnw dilancogo tiɲɛni, fɛn dilanni koɲɛw, walima dumuniko latɛmɛni, o bɛ se ka baara daminɛ donw bila kɔfɛ kalo 6-18 kɔnɔ. So jɔli juruw bɛ tɔnɔ sɔrɔ k’a sɔrɔ u ma sɔrɔ sɔrɔ, wa bɛnkan minnu bɛ kɛ ka juruw ta, olu bɛ se ka kɛ waati dantigɛlenw ye minnu, ni u tɛmɛna, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka jalaki walima ka baara dabila. San 2023-2024 waatiw la, porozɛ caman bilala kɔfɛ k’a sababu kɛ transformateur dɛsɛ ye ani kurunbokari.
Baara musaka kabakomaw bɛ bɔ kɛnɛ kan waati tɛmɛnen kɔfɛ. O&M baarakɛnafolo bolodalenw min ye $5-8/kW-san ye, o ka teli ka kɛ jigiya ye ni u bɛ dɛsɛ hakɛ caman sɔrɔ-ka tɛmɛn u tun bɛ miiri min na, porogaramuw ka lase sara minnu ma don a daminɛ na, walima garantiw fɔlenw, fɛn dilannikɛlaw bɛ sɔsɔli minnu kɛ kalo caman kɔnɔ. Baarakɛcogo dɔnniya lakikaw bɛ to ka dɔgɔya, o b’a to musaka fɔcogo tigitigi bɛ gɛlɛya.
Farati min bɛ wariko seginni na, o bɛ nɔ bila porozew la minnu bɛ kɛ ni levier ye. A ka c’a la, jɔli juru fɔlɔw bɛ wari seginni de wajibiya ka kɛ juru kuntaalajan-walew ye san 2-3 baara tariku kɔfɛ. Nka ni porozɛ in ma ɲɛ jigiya la walima ni tɔnɔw wulila kosɛbɛ, wariko seginni ni sariya ɲumanw ye, o bɛ kɛ ko ye min tɛ se ka kɛ, o bɛ dɛmɛbagaw wajibiya ka bɛnkan wɛrɛw pikiri kɛ walima ka dɛsɛ sɔrɔ.
Bɔli fɛɛrɛ dantigɛliw bɛ mɔgɔ kelen-kelen ka waridonnaw bali. Batiri baarakɛta nafolo suguya filanan bɛ to ka fin ni i y’a suma ni tile walima fiɲɛ ye. Batiri baarakɛtaw sɔngɔko bɛ gɛlɛya ka da tiɲɛniko dankarili kan ani fɛɛrɛ kuraw jiginni teliya la. Investisseurs minnu bɛ san 5-7 minɛ makɔnɔ sani u ka bɔ, olu bɛ se ka sannikɛlaw danma sɔrɔ walima ka nafaw sɔrɔ proforma projections jukɔrɔ.
Farati min bɛ dɔgɔyali la, o bɛ bɔ suguw la minnu bɛ don kosɛbɛ-. Ni batiriw bɛ ka caya, rezow baarakɛlaw bɛ se ka chargement dɔgɔya sɔngɔ jugu waatiw la walima ka dan sigi chargement na surplus cogoyaw la. California ISO ye ɛntɛrinɛti wajibiyalen fitininw waleya ani waati lakika-waati suguya sigili minnu ye nɔ bila batiri cicogo la. O baarakɛcogo dantigɛliw bɛ dɔ bɔ sɔrɔ sɔrɔlenw na modeliw jukɔrɔ k’a miiri ko cikan tɛ dankari.
Fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw ani fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ
Litiyamu-ion bɛ nafa{1}}skala marali fanga la bi, nka fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw bɛ nisɛ suguya wɛrɛw laɲini walima k’u laɲini ka fangatigiw gɛn ka bɔ u nɔ na sɔrɔko walima baarakɛcogo ɲuman fɛ.
Sodiyɔmu-ion batiriw bɛ waati surun- sɔsɔlikɛla jira. Ni aw bɛ baara kɛ ni soja caman ye litiyamu dɛsɛ nɔ na, o bɛ dɔ bɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan musakaw la ani ka dɔ bɔ fɛnw sɔrɔcogo faratiw la. Sinuwa ka CATL ye caman bɔli daminɛ san 2023, Jiangling Motors ye sodiyɔmu-ion EVw bɔ kɛnɛ kan ni dɔrɔmɛ 8000-10% sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ ni litiyamu bɔlenw ye- Zanwuyekalo san 2024. Nka, fanga hakɛ bɛ boli 60{18}}70% litiyamu-ion na, wa cycle ɲɛnamaya bɛ se 5000 dɔrɔn ma cycles ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ 8.000-10.000 ye litiyamu ye. O bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka sodiyɔmu-ion kɛ yɔrɔ ye min bɛ bɛn yɔrɔ jɔlen ma yɔrɔ min na yɔrɔ tɛ dankari nka a ka dɔgɔ hali bi baarakɛcogo la minnu bɛ fanga hakɛ camanba de wajibiya.
Flow batteries bɛ baara kɛtaw laɲini minnu bɛ mɛn-yɔrɔ minnu na litiyamu-ion bɛ a jira ko a tɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la. Vanadium redox batiriw bɛ fanga mara elekitoroliti jilamaw kɔnɔ, u seko bɛ dɔn ni tanki hakɛ ye min tɛ fanga ɛntɛrinɛti ye. O bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka sanga 8-12 kɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la. ESS Inc., Invinity Energy Systems, ani mɔgɔ wɛrɛw bɛ flow batiriw bila senkan walasa ka fɛnw don ɲɔgɔn na minnu bɛ se ka segin u cogo kɔrɔ la ani microgrid baarakɛcogo la. Nka fanga dɔgɔyali (50-70% litiyamu-ion), ji minɛcogo gɛlɛnw, ani musaka fɔlɔ minnu ka ca, olu bɛ dan sigi a tali la. Sisan sigili bɛ kɛ megawatt kɛmɛ damadɔ ye diɲɛ kɔnɔ ni litiyamu-ion gigawatt kɛmɛ caman ye.
Fiɲɛ fanga marayɔrɔ (CAES) bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛliba ni kuntaalaba di. Kuran tɛmɛnen bɛ fiɲɛ digidigi ka don dugujukɔrɔ kɔw kɔnɔ, o kɔfɛ, a b’a bila turbinew fɛ walasa ka fanga sɔrɔ. Baarakɛyɔrɔ fila bɛ yen-Huntorf, Alimanjamana (321 MW, 1978) ani McIntosh, Alabama (110 MW, 1991)-min bɛ fɛɛrɛbɔ jira min sɛgɛsɛgɛra. Nka dugukoloko gɛlɛya minnu bɛ dugukolo jukɔrɔla dugukoloko bɛnnenw wajibiya, kapitali musakabaw, ani funteni bɔnɛw degun waati la, olu bɛ dan sigi baarakɛcogo la. CAES adiabatiki dilancogo kɔrɔlenw bɛ layidu ta 70%+ baarakɛcogo ɲuman na ni 50% ye CAES kɔrɔlenw na nka u bɛ to yiriwali la.
Ji marali pɔnpe bɛ fanga sɔrɔ waati jan-seko la diɲɛ kɔnɔ ni 150+ GW sigilen ye-90% diɲɛ fanga marali la. Fɛnɲɛnɛmako sɛgɛsɛgɛlen, 80+ san ɲɛnamaya, ani 70-85% taama-taama-taama ɲuman kɛ, o bɛ ji pɔnpe kɛ sanu sariya ye. Nka, porozɛ kuraw bɛ sigida kɛlɛli kunbɛn, san tan-lamini musakaw, dɔrɔmɛ miliyari caman-wari musakaw, ani dugukoloko gɛlɛyaw minnu bɛ kuluw, ji ani dugukoloko kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw wajibiya. Dakun dagalenw dilanni minnu bɛ kɛ ni hadamadenw ka jidagayɔrɔw ye, olu bɛ sigida haminanko dɔw ɲɛnabɔ nka u bɛ dɔ fara musakaw kan. Jiko porozɛ kura pɔnpe damadɔw tɛ taa ɲɛ sugu yiriwalenw na hali ni hakilinata seko bɛ u la.
Idɔrɔzi marali bɛ waati seko di batiriw tɛ se ka bɛn minnu ma. Kuranko kura tɛmɛnenw bɛ kuran kura tɛmɛnenw sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ idɔrɔzi ye, o min bɛ se ka mara jidagayɔrɔw kɔnɔ walima dugujukɔrɔ, ka sɔrɔ ka jeni kɔfɛ turbinew kɔnɔ walima ka segin ka wuli ka kɛ kuran ye fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw fɛ. Taama segin-ka-bɔnye nafama min ye 30-40% ye, o b’a to idɔrɔzi tɛ sɔrɔko ye don o don wotoro bolicogo la, nka waati kɔnɔ marali kama walima dɔgɔkun caman{6}}dɔgɔkun caman kɔfɛ, idɔrɔzi bɛ se ka kɛ nafama ye. Sisan musakaw bɛ to dankarili la-hidrɔzɛni wuluwulu musakaw ye dɔrɔmɛ 4-7/kg ni dɔrɔmɛ 1-2/kg ye idɔrɔzi jɛman na min bɛ bɔ gazi nafama na-nka kuran musaka minnu bɛ bin ani fanga kura sɔngɔw bɛ se ka sɔrɔko Changer san 2030.
Sumaya fanga marali bɛ funteni ni kuran seko ni dɔnko siratigɛ la. Kɔgɔjibɔlanw, minnu bɛ kɛ tilebɔlanw na minnu falen don, olu bɛ funteni mara lɛrɛ walima tile caman kɔnɔ o kɔfɛ, u bɛ kuran bɔ wajibɔlanw fɛ. Fasa-yɛrɛmafɛnw, funteni marali pɔnpe, ani hakilina wɛrɛw laɲini ye sanga 8-24 waatiw ye. Musow ka musakaw bɛ se ka batiriw dɔgɔya tasumako baara kama, nka kuran bɔli ni segin-ka-bɔnye nafa ye 50-70% ye ani fɛɛrɛ kuraw kɔgɔbaliya bɛ dan sigi baarakɛcogo la. Malta Inc., n’o bɛ Google dɛmɛ, o bɛ funteni fanga marayɔrɔ pɔnpe labɛn nka jago porozɛw bɛ to san caman kɔnɔ.
Janya-yɔrɔ-ko bɛ baara Kɛ ni kuran tɛmɛnen ye walasa ka bloki girinmanw kɔrɔta, ka fanga min bɛ Se ka Kɛ, o mara, o kɔ fɛ k’u Jigin walasa ka fanga Bɔ. Energy Vault ye ɲɛjirali porozɛw jɔ ni kranw ni bɛton blokiw ye, ka sɔrɔ dɔw bɛ girinyaw labɛn minɛnw kɔnɔ. Fiziki bɛ baara kɛ, nka masinw ka gɛlɛya, fanga dɔgɔyali, ani dannaya min ma sɛgɛsɛgɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli la, o bɛ dan sigi nafa la. Sisan, fɛnw bɛɛ lajɛlen bɛ se ka kɛ MW 100 ye diɲɛ kɔnɔ.
Fiɲɛ jilama fanga marali (LAES) bɛ fiɲɛ nɛnɛ fo ka se degere -196 ma ni kuran ye min ma ban-, k’a mara jidagayɔrɔw kɔnɔ minnu tɛ fɛnw bɔ, o kɔfɛ, a bɛ fiɲɛ jilama bonya walasa ka turbinew boli. Highview Power ye 50 MW baarakɛyɔrɔ dɔ bila baara la Angletɛri, min bɛ grid-scale seko jira. Taama ni segin nafa 50-70% bɛ tɛmɛ fiɲɛ digilen kan nka a bɛ dɛsɛ batiriw la. LAES tɛ dugukoloko gɛlɛya si wajibiya, wa a bɛ baara kɛ ni cryogenic fɛɛrɛ ye min sɛgɛsɛgɛra iziniw kɔnɔ, nka kapitali musakaw ni baarakɛcogo dantigɛli bɛ a tali sumaya.
Masina wuluwuluw bɛ rotorw lamaga ni 10.000-50.000 RPM ye, ka kinetiki fanga mara walasa ka bɔli teliya. Beacon Power bɛ 20 MW flywheel frequency regulation plants baara Pennsylvanie ani New York, o bɛ jaabi teliya ni wotoro juguman seko jira (100,000+ cycles). Nka fanga marali musaka ye dɔrɔmɛ 2000-10000/kWh ye k’a sɔrɔ batiriw ta ye dɔrɔmɛ 150-300/kWh ye, o bɛ dan sigi wuluwuluw la fanga jogo ni frequency regulation niches la, segin ni miniti waati bɛ se yɔrɔ minnu na.
Supercapacitors ni ultracapacitors bɛ fanga mara kuran fɛ ni cycling dan tɛ min na, milisekɔndi jaabi, ani funteni muɲuni caman. Nka fanga hakɛ 1/20nan batiriw b’a to u tɛ bɛn rezow marali ma, o bɛ supercapacitors jigin ka taa kuran jogo ɲuman na ani rezow ɲɔgɔndan baarakɛcogo la minnu bɛ fanga camanba de wajibiya ani u kuntaala fitinin.
Sɔrɔdasi-yɔrɔ in b’a jira ko litiyamu-ion fanga bɛna t’a fɛ sanga 2{3}}6 kɔnɔ baarakɛcogo la fo ka se san 2030. Sodiyɔmu-ion bɛ se ka musaka dɔgɔman yɔrɔw minɛ baarakɛcogo jɔlenw na, yɔrɔ minnu na density nafa ka dɔgɔ. Batiri minnu bɛ ji bɔ ani fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw minnu bɛ mɛn{10}}, olu bɛ se ka laban ka 8+ lɛrɛ magow ɲɛnabɔ, nka musaka dɔgɔyaliba ani baarakɛcogo ɲɛnabɔli bɛ to ka kɛ wajibi ye. Idɔrɔzi bɛ kɛ sɔrɔko ye waati kɔnɔ marali dɔrɔn na yɔrɔ minnu na baarakɛcogo dɔgɔyali nafa ka dɔgɔ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛliba ye. Jateminɛ fanba b’a jira ko litiyamu-ion bɛ suguya 70-80% mara fo ka se san 2030 ma hali ni nafa wɛrɛw bɛ sɔrɔ yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la.
Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na
Jagokɛla ka batiri fanga maracogo si bɛ se ka kɛ mun ye?
Jagokɛlaw ka BESS sigicogo bɛ se ka baara nafama kɛ san 10-15 la, hali ni a dilannikɛlaw ka teli ka san 20+ san ɲɛnamaya laseli kɛ. Diɲɛ baarakɛcogo lakika- bɛ bɔ kosɛbɛ wotoro bolicogo la, baarakɛcogo funteni, ani jibɔ juguya la. Sisitɛmu minnu bɛ wotoro siɲɛ fila tile kɔnɔ waati funteni na, olu bɛ se ka mago don seko caman na san 8-10 kɔnɔ, k’a sɔrɔ sigida minnu bɛ wotoro boli tuma dɔw la yɔrɔw la minnu bɛ funteni kɔlɔsi, olu bɛ se ka tɛmɛ san 15 kan sani u ka tiɲɛniba kɛ. Porozɛ wariko misali fanba bɛ jateminɛ kɛ a dɔgɔyalenba la, ka batiri modulu tiɲɛnenw bila u nɔ na k’a sɔrɔ u bɛ invertɛriw ni rezow ɲɔgɔndanw mara walasa ka seko fɔlɔ segin.
Batiri marayɔrɔw bɛ wari sɔrɔ cogo di kuran suguw la?
BESS ka sɔrɔ bɛ bɔ "stacked" caman na. Enerji arbitrage-ka kuran san min musaka ka dɔgɔ-waati minnu na mɔgɔw tɛ baara kɛ tuma minnu na ani ka feereli kɛ waati caman na-sɔngɔba waatiw la-o bɛ sɔrɔ yelenba di nka a bɛ ka caya ka taa a fɛ ka margin compression sɔrɔ ni batiri caman bɛ ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ. Seko sarali minnu bɛ bɔ rezow baarakɛlaw fɛ, olu bɛ sɔrɔli sara di ɲininiw caya waati la, o bɛ sɔrɔ sabatilen di bɛnkansɛbɛn kɔnɔ. Frequency regulation ani ancillary services sara milisekɔndi-scale grid sabatili la. Porozɛ dɔw fana bɛ fanga kura sɔrɔcogo seereyaw sɔrɔ walima ka bɛnkansɛbɛn sɔrɔ ni tɔnw ye minnu bɛ kuran ɲini min tɛ gazi bɔ -. Nin wariko gɛlɛyaw faamuyali bɛ kɛ fɛn nafamaba ye batiri fanga maracogo nafaw n’a dɛsɛw faamuyali la ka bɔ wariko siratigɛ la. Porozɛ minnu bɛ ɲɛtaa sɔrɔ, a ka c’a la, olu bɛ sɔrɔ sira 3-4 de wajibiya walasa ka nafa laɲinitaw sɔrɔ, bawo ka da sɔrɔyɔrɔ kelen o kelen kan, o bɛ kɛ farati ye ka da suguw jiginni kan. Nin sɔrɔko wulicogo ninnu faamuyali bɛ kɛ yɔrɔba ye batiri fanga maracogo nafaw n’a dɛsɛw jateminɛni na wariko siratigɛ la.
Yala batiri marayɔrɔw lakananen don sigiyɔrɔw la wa?
Bi BESS sigiyɔrɔw bɛ lakana sira caman don u kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ funteni kɔlɔsili, tasuma kunbɛncogo, ani kɔrɔtɔko dabila seko minnu bɛ faratiw dɔgɔya kosɛbɛ. Sisan, litiyɔmu nɛgɛ fosifati kemisi bɛ nafa-skala sigili fanga la k’a sababu kɛ funteni sabatili ɲuman ye ni i y’a suma ni nikɛri-sikili kɔrɔw ye. Nka, Moss Landing tasuma b’a jira ko batiriw sigicogo belebelebaw- bɛ farati lakikaw lase mɔgɔ ma minnu bɛ kɔrɔtɔko jaabiw wajibiya. Sisitɛmu minnu dilannen don ka ɲɛ ani minnu bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ, olu bɛ faratiba lase sigida laminiw ma, nka ka surunya sigiyɔrɔw la, o ka kan ka kɛ sababu ye ka kɔsegin yɔrɔjan bɛnnenw sɔrɔ, tasuma lakanani barikama, ani kɔrɔtɔko ɲɛnabɔli bolodalenw. So kɛrɛfɛ sigidaw ka kan ka fɔlɔ ka fɛn dilannikɛlaw sigilenw bila jɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ la, fɛn dilannikɛlaw minnu bɛ se kosɛbɛ, ani baarakɛcogo kɔrɔlenw.
Fɛɛrɛko gɛlɛyabaw jumɛnw bɛ batiri marali kan sisan?
Tiɲɛni ɲɛnabɔli bɛ jɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ la-ka seko ni dɔnko bɛnkansɛbɛn mara san 15-20 poroze ɲɛnamaya kɔnɔ, o bɛ batiri ɲɛnabɔcogo ɲuman de wajibiya, ka dɔ fara a kan tuma ni tuma, ani baarakɛcogo kɔrɔlenw minnu bɛ dɔ bɔ sɔrɔ la. Baara kɛli minnu bɛ mɛn-, olu bɛ gɛlɛyaba filanan jira, bawo litiyamu-ion sɔrɔko bɛ tiɲɛ ka tɛmɛ sanga 6-8 kan nka fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw bɛ to jago siratigɛ la, u ma kɔgɔ. Tasuma lakanani bɛ ka taa ɲɛ, o bɛ balansi de wajibiya baarakɛcogo juguw ni lakana sariyaw cɛ minnu sɛgɛsɛgɛra. Fɛnw dilancogo cakɛda lajɛlen Sinuwa jamana na, o bɛ faratiw lase dugukoloko politiki ma ani sɔrɔko gɛlɛyaw minnu bɛ se ka kɛ, fɛn caman dilanni cɛsiriw tɛna minnu ɲɛnabɔ san tan kɔnɔ. A laban na, suguw jɛ-ka-baara gɛlɛyaw bɛ bɔ kɛnɛ kan, bawo batiri doncogo bɛ ka bonya-sɔngɔko mɔgɔfaga, dannaya nafa musaka bɛrɛbɛrɛ, ani rezow kode dantigɛli minnu dabɔra sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli kama sanni ka jaabi teliya la, o bɛɛ bɛ gɛlɛya sɔrɔ ka nafa sɔrɔ min bɛ sɔn.
Kuncɛli: Ka fɛnw maracogo latigɛ ni kunnafoni ye sugu dafalen na
Batiri fanga maracogo caman jiginna ka bɔ laboratuwari ɲinini na ka kɛ grid-fɛn kɔrɔlenw ye san tan ni duuru dɔrɔn kɔnɔ. San o san musaka dɔgɔyali 40%, milisekɔndi jaabi waatiw, ani jɛ-ka-baara seko kura minnu sɛgɛsɛgɛra, olu b’a to BESS nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ dekarɔbɔni laɲiniw na minnu tun bɛ i n’a fɔ a tɛ se ka kɛ a san tan ye nin ye.
Sariyakolo saba ka kan ka batiri maracogo latigɛw ɲɛminɛ ka taa ɲɛ. Fɔlɔ, i ka waati janya ni mago yɛrɛ bɛn-i kana sanga 4-sitɛmuw bila senkan baarakɛminɛnw kama minnu bɛ tile caman kɛ ka kɔpi kɛ, wa i kana wari bila ka tɛmɛ seko kan min bɛ tɛmɛ cikanw cicogo lakikaw kan. Filanan, ka lakana ni jogoɲumanya bila jɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ la ka tɛmɛ musaka dɔgɔyali kan-sistema min sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ, n’o bɛ jeni, o bɛ nafa jugu lase, ka seko ni dɔnko bɛɛ tɔgɔ bila farati la. Sabanan, ka sɔrɔ sɔrɔyɔrɔw caman kɛ ani ka misali kɔrɔlenw jɔ-porozɛw minnu bɛ tali kɛ sɔrɔ sira kelenw na walima sɔngɔko miirili jigiyalenw bɛna jigitigɛ.