Batiri marali fanga kura bɛ tali kɛ fɛɛrɛw la minnu bɛ kuran minɛ ani k’a mara min bɛ bɔ fɛn kuraw la i n’a fɔ tile ni fiɲɛ, ka sɔrɔ k’a bila ni mago bɛ a la. Nin batiri fanga maracogo ninnu (BESS) bɛ fanga kura sɔrɔcogo gɛlɛya jɔnjɔn ɲɛnabɔ : tile tɛ yeelen tuma bɛɛ ani fiɲɛ tɛ fiyɛ tuma bɛɛ, nka kuran ɲinini tɛ jɔ abada.
Batiri marali bonya hakɛ
Batiri mara sugu sera 'yɔrɔ la min bɛ 'yɔrɔ la min bɛ 'yɔrɔ la. Ameriki utility-scale batiri seko tɛmɛna gigawatt 26 kan san 2024, o kɛra 66% ye ka tɛmɛ san tɛmɛnnen ta kan. Kuran dilanbagaw ye fanga kura 10,4 GW fara a kan san 2024 dɔrɔn kɔnɔ, wa jateminɛw b’a jira ko GW 18,2 wɛrɛ bɛna na ɛntɛrinɛti kan san 2025.
Ninnu tɛ farali fitininw ye grid kan. Gemini Solar Plus Storage Project min bɛ Nevada, n’o bɛ baara la kabini san 2024 zuluyekalo, o bɛ tile foro 690-MW ni batiri 380 MW fara ɲɔgɔn kan, min bɛ se ka megawatt-lɛrɛ 1416 mara. Kalifɔrni jamana ka Moss Landing baarakɛyɔrɔ jɔlen bɛ jamana ka baarakɛyɔrɔba ye min fanga ye 750 MW ye. Porozɛ minnu bonya tun bɛ nin cogo la, olu tun tɛna se ka kɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la a san tan ye nin ye.
Bonya in bɛ fɛn caman jira fɛn caman tigɛli la. Diɲɛ kɔnɔ, batiri fanga mara sugu bonyalen don ni 44% ye san 2024, ka se ka GW 69 sigi. Wood Mackenzie b’a jira ko diɲɛ sugu bɛna tɛmɛ terawati 1 kan san tan nataw kɔnɔ-a bɛ se ka kɛ sisan seko sigilen siɲɛ wolonwula ye. Sinuwa ni Ameriki de bɛ ka nin yiriwali in ɲɛminɛ, Texas ni Kalifɔrni jamanaw bɛ Ameriki seko ni dɔnko GW 20 ɲɔgɔn bɔ.
Fɛn min b’a to nin bonya in bɛ sabati, o ye sɔrɔko ye. Litiyamu-ion batiri musakaw jigira ka tɛmɛ 90% kan san tan tɛmɛnenw kɔnɔ, san 2024 dɔrɔn na, 40% dɔgɔyara. O sɔngɔko binkanni in ye batiri marali fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya ka bɔ rezow dɛmɛnan sɔngɔ gɛlɛn na ka kɛ fanga kura sɔrɔcogo jɔnjɔn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la.
Batiri marali bɛ se ka fanga kura sɔrɔ cogo min na
Kuwati kura bɛ se ka fɛnw sɔrɔ-ɲini bɛnbaliya dɔ lawuli, batiriw bɛ min ɲɛnabɔ. Tile pannew bɛ fanga caman bɔ tilelafana lamini na, waati min na kuran ɲinini ka teli ka dɔgɔya, k’a sɔrɔ kuran ɲinini hakɛ cayalenba bɛ se wula fɛ tile bintɔ kɔfɛ. Fɔɲɔ cogoyaw bɛ tugu u yɛrɛ ka hakilinata la, tuma caman na, u bɛ caman bɔ su fɛ mara caman na. Ni a marali tɛ, o fanga kura sɔrɔlen tɛmɛnen in bɛ dɔgɔya (a bɛ tiɲɛ) walima a bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw de wajibiya walasa ka yɔrɔw fa.
Batiri marayɔrɔw bɛ charge (sara) waatiw la minnu bɛ tɛmɛn fanga kura sɔrɔli kan ani ka bɔli kɛ waatiw la minnu bɛ ɲini kosɛbɛ-. Nin tɛ teori dɔrɔn ye-a bɛ kɛ ni massive scale ye. Kalifɔrni jamana ka tile ka baara caya waatiw la, batiriw bɛ fanga tɛmɛnen gigawattw minɛ. Ni wulada ɲinini cayara ani ni tile bɔli dɔgɔyara, o batiri kelenw bɛ bɔ, o bɛ gazi nafama sɛnɛyɔrɔw mago bɔ.
Mekanikiniw bɛ kɛ ni jɛ-ka-baara ye min ka gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ. Batiri hakilitigi porogaramuw bɛ baara kɛ ni algorisimuw ye walasa ka rezow cogoyaw kɔlɔsi waati yɛrɛ kɔnɔ, ka a latigɛ waati min na a bɛna charge (sara), waati min na a bɛna charge (sara) ani hakɛ min na. Kɔlɔsili siraw bɛ se ka jaabi di rezow magow ma milisekɔndi kɔnɔ, ka baarakɛminɛnw di minnu bɛ daminɛ teliya la frequency stabilisation la ka se lɛrɛ caman -lɛrɛ caman fanga jiginni ma.
Grid-scale litiyamu-ion batiri sitɛmu danma bɛ kɛ ni fɛnba saba ye. Batiri yɛrɛ bɛ fanga mara ni kuran-sɛnɛfɛnw ye. Inverterw bɛ batiriw ka kuran tilennen sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ kuran caman ye min bɛ bɛn ni grid ye. Sistɛmu balansi kɔnɔ, nɛnɛminɛnw, tasuma-fanga-minɛnw, kɔlɔsili-minɛnw, ani rezow jɛgɛn-minɛnw bɛ yen. O yɔrɔw bɛ baara kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ walasa ka taama-taama ɲuman sɔrɔ 85% lamini na, o kɔrɔ ye ko fanga min bɛ don chargement (sara) la, o 85% bɛ segin ka bɔ bɔli waati.
A maracogo kuntaala janya karamɔgɔya
Batiri maracogo faamuyali b’a ɲini k’a dɔn ko baarakɛminɛn suguya wɛrɛw mago bɛ mara waati danfaralenw na, wa batiri bɛɛ tɛ baara kɛ ni kuntilenna kelen ye.
Frequency Regulation: Seginnkanni fo miniti
Kuranko sira ka kan ka frequency tigitigi mara-60 Hz Ameriki jamana na. Hali ni fɛn misɛnninw bɛ bɔ yɔrɔ wɛrɛ la, o bɛ se ka minɛnw tiɲɛ walima ka kɛ sababu ye ka dibi don u la. Batiri marayɔrɔw ka fisa ni frequency regulation ye bawo u bɛ jaabi di sekɔndi tilayɔrɔbaw ma, o teliya ka bon kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ laadala jenitɛriw bɛ se ka wuli walima ka jigin.
O baarakɛminɛnw tɛ fanga seko belebele de wajibiya. Batiri bɛ se ka bɔ miniti damadɔ dɔrɔn kɔnɔ a waati kelen na, siɲɛ caman tile kɔnɔ. Nafa bɛ bɔ teliya ni jaabi la, a tɛ bɔ a marali waati la.
Peak Shaving ani Load Shifting: Lɛrɛ 1-4
O bɛ yɔrɔ duman jira sisan litiyamu-ion fɛɛrɛbɔ la. Batiri minnu sigira sen kan san 2024, olu fanba dabɔra sanga 1 fo sanga 4 kɔnɔ, u bɔli waati kɔnɔ. U bɛ wari sara waatiw la minnu ɲinini ka dɔgɔ-ni ni fanga kura sɔrɔli tɛmɛna fɛnw ta kan, o kɔfɛ u bɛ wari sara ɲininiw caya waatiw la.
Sɔrɔko bɛ baara kɛ bawo o batiri ninnu bɛ se ka bɔ don o don, ka sɔrɔ lase baara caman fɛ. U bɛ dɔ bɔ ɲinini sara la jagokɛlaw ye, ka seko di rezow ma waati minnu na mɔgɔw ka ca kosɛbɛ, ani ka waati-ka se ka-baara kɛ ni arbitrage-sanni sɔngɔ gɛlɛn ye ka bɔ-kuranba sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw na ani ka fanga sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw feere.
Kalifɔrni jamana ka jatebɔsɛbɛn bɛ o cogoya jira ka jɛya. Batiriw bɛ to ka charge (sara) tile tilelafana tɛmɛnen waati la ani ka bɔli kɛ wulada fɛ, o ye ko ye min bɛ wele ko "duck curve" ɲɛnabɔli. Nin sanga 3-4 bɔli finɛtiri in bɛ bɛn kosɛbɛ ni danfara min bɛ wulada fɛ tile dɔgɔyali ni sunɔgɔ waati ɲinini dɔgɔyali cɛ.
Don o don nɛgɛso boli: Lɛrɛ 4-10
Sisitɛmu minnu bɛ mɛn-, olu bɛ se ka sɔgɔmadafɛfɛnw mara walasa ka baara kɛ ni u ye wula fɛ, walima ka wulada tile minɛ walasa ka su ɲini. Fasokanw ka laboratuwari ka fanga kura marali siniɲɛsigi sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye sigida minnu dabɔra walasa ka fanga mara fo sanga 10, k’a jira ko ninnu bɛna nafamafɛnw-scale marali jɔyɔrɔ sɛmɛntiya kokura.
Gɛlɛya ye musaka ye. Lɛrɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ min bɛ fara a kan, o bɛ batiri caman de wajibiya, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka sistɛmu musakaw caya. Lɛrɛ 4-sɛnɛ bɛ se ka kɛ dɔrɔmɛ 160 ye kilowati kelen na, ka sɔrɔ sanga 10-sisɛti bɛ dɔ fara kilowati kelen musaka kan k’a sababu kɛ selilu wɛrɛw ye minnu ka kan. Nka, batiri sɔngɔ minnu bɛ ka jigin, olu bɛ ka litiyamu-ion sitɛmuw kɛ dɔɔnin dɔɔnin minnu bɛ mɛn.
Multi-Tile ka se waati ma: Sisan danfara
Waati jan minnu bɛ kɛ ni fanga kura sɔrɔcogo dɔgɔman ye-a bɛ wele tuma dɔw la ko "Dunkelflaute" ko kɛlenw Erɔpu-bɛ marayɔrɔ ka gɛlɛya ɲɛnabɔbali jira. Tile 10 waati la, fiɲɛ barikama ni tile danma, ka rezow ɲinini dafa, o bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnw mara ka caya kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ sisan kan.
Fiziki diɲɛ ye jatebɔ kɛ ko Angletɛri mago bɛna kɛ terawati-lɛrɛ 5 ɲɔgɔn na ka ɲɛsin fɛnw marali ma walasa ka tile tan tugu-tugulenw dafa minnu ka dɔgɔ-sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli la-ka tɛmɛ jamana ka batiri hakɛ kan sisan. Ni musakaw kɛra sisan, o bɛna kɛ sɔngɔba ye min tɛ se ka fɔ. Litiyamu-ion batiriw bɛ to musaka-na don o don wotoro boli dɔrɔn de la, a tɛ kɛ tile caman-don walima waati kɔnɔ marali la.
O danfara in de ye fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw bɛ don ja in na, hali ni mɔgɔ damadɔ de sera jago hakɛ la.
Batiri Teknoloji ka Evolution
Litiyamu-ion batiriw de bɛ fanga sɔrɔ sisan baarakɛcogo la, nka fɛɛrɛbɔ siratigɛ bɛ ka caya ka da baarakɛminɛnw magow kan.
Litiyamu nɛgɛ fosifati bɛ a ta
Litiyamu-ion chimie kɔnɔ, fɛnba dɔ kɛra san 2022 lamini na. Litiyamu nɛgɛ fosifati (LFP) kɛra chimie fɔlɔ ye min bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw mara yɔrɔ jɔlen na, ka nikɛri manganɛsi kobalti (NMC) batiriw bɔ u nɔ na minnu tun bɛ fanga la fɔlɔ.
LFP bɛ nafa caman di rezow baarakɛcogo ma. A ka ca ni funteni ye, o bɛ dɔ bɔ tasuma farati la. A tɛ kobalt de wajibiya, ka musaka ni jogoɲumanya sɔrɔli haminankow bɛɛ ɲɛnabɔ. LFP batiriw bɛ se ka charge-discharge cycles caman sabati, ni dilanbaga dɔw b’a fɔ ko u si bɛ san 16 bɔ ni i y’a suma ni san 2-3 tiɲɛni ye min tun bɛ mɔgɔ fɔlɔw tɔɔrɔ.
Jagokɛcogo ye fanga-dafalen ye. LFP batiriw bɛ fanga dɔgɔya kilo kelen na ka tɛmɛ NMC kan, nka ni rezow jɔlenw ye, yɔrɔ minnu na girinya tɛ foyi ye, o tɛ nafaba ye. Musaka ni ɲɛnamaya jan nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ, wa LFP bɛ se sɔrɔ o fila bɛɛ kan.
Sinuwa jamana de bɛ LFP batiri fanba dilan. O jɛ-ka-baara in ye haminankow lawuli fɛnsɔrɔko siratigɛ la, ka Ameriki ni Erɔpu cɛsiriw bila senkan walasa ka jamana kɔnɔ sɛnɛfɛnw dilanni seko sabati. Nka, o yɔrɔw bɛ musaka dɔgɔyali sɔrɔ, Ameriki ni Erɔpu batiriw musaka bɛ se 20% ma ka tɛmɛ Sinuwa-batiriw bɔlenw kan.
Fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw minnu bɛ ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan mago suguya wɛrɛw kama
Sodiyɔmu-ion batiriw ye nafa sɔrɔ i n’a fɔ litiyamu wɛrɛ. Soja ka ca, wa a sɔngɔ man gɛlɛn-"soja tɔni kelen bɛ yɔrɔ bɛɛ", i n'a fɔ NREL ɲininikɛla dɔ y'a jira cogo min na. O fɛɛrɛ in tɛ teli ka boli funteni na, wa a bɛ se ka sɔngɔ dɔgɔya kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ litiyamu-ion kan. Nka, sodiyɔmu-ion batiriw ma kɔgɔ fɔlɔ jago siratigɛ la ka ɲɛsin rezow-skala baarakɛcogo ma, wa LFP sɔngɔ jigin ye dɔ bɔ kɔrɔtɔko la ka fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw labɛn.
Batiri minnu bɛ boli, olu bɛ fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛ jira min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin kuntaala gɛlɛya ma. O cogoyaw bɛ fanga mara elekitoroliti jilamaw kɔnɔ minnu bɛ woyo seliw kɔnɔ, ni tankiw ye minnu bɛ danfara la walasa ka charge positif ni négatif sɔrɔ. Nafa min b’a la o ye ko fanga seko bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ a yɛrɛma ka bɔ fanga seko la-i bɛ se k’u kɛ fanga caman marali ye ni baara kɛli ye dɔrɔn ni tanki belebelebaw ye. Batiri minnu bɛ jibɔ, olu bɛ se k’u seko mara hakilinata siratigɛ la, sɛgɛsɛgɛli ba caman fɛ k’a sɔrɔ u ma tiɲɛ.
Gɛlɛya ye poroze senna-tɛgɛrɛ ni gɛlɛya ye. Flow batteries bɛ yɔrɔ caman ni infrastructures de wajibiya, o b’a to u tɛ mɔgɔ ɲɛnajɛ kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ litiyamu-ion systems compacts kan baarakɛcogo fanba la. U bɛ to ni fɛɛrɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye, hali ni ɲininiw bɛ senna ka ɲɛsin kemikoro ɲɛtaa ma.
Columbia Iniwɛrisite ɲininikɛlaw ye ɲɛtaa laseli kɛ potasiyɔmu-sodiyɔmu-kisɛ batiriw kan Sɛtanburukalo san 2024. Olu bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛn caman ye, minnu sɔngɔ man gɛlɛn, wa u ye ɲɛtaa ɲuman sɔrɔ cɛmancɛ funteni na degere 75 lamini na , o min ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ degere 250 + la min tun bɛ ɲini dilan kɔrɔw fɛ. Ekipu ka elektrɔlitiki kokurabɔli ye gɛlɛya sɔrɔlenw wuli minnu bɛ dan sigi fɔlɔw la. Yala o ɲinini suguw bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnw ye minnu bɛ se ka kɛ jago siratigɛ la, o bɛna dɔn, nka o b’a jira ko batiriw yiriwali bɛ senna cogo min na.
Tiɲɛ-Diɲɛ baarakɛcogo n’a jɛ-ka-baara
Danfara min bɛ porozɛ pilotiw ni grid-scale deployment cɛ, o bɛ tali kɛ fɛɛrɛko ni sɔrɔko tiɲɛko gɛlɛnw na.
Hybride Renewable-Sɛbɛnniw maracogo
Batiri 9,2 GW hakɛ min farala Ameriki san 2024 kɔnɔ, o la, GW 3,2 ɲɔgɔn bɔra sitɛmuw la minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni tile forow ye. O jɛɲɔgɔnya in bɛ baarakɛcogo nafaw lase ka tɛmɛn sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli kan minnu bɛ se ka segin u cogo kɔrɔ la, olu ni marayɔrɔ danfaralenw sirili dɔrɔn.
Sisitɛmu hybride bɛ se ka rezow ɲɔgɔndanw tila ɲɔgɔn na, ka jɛɲɔgɔnya musakaw ni gɛlɛyaw dɔgɔya. DC kuran min bɛ bɔ tile pannew la, o bɛ se ka woyo ka taa DC-batiriw la minnu sirilen don ɲɔgɔn na, fɛn caman tigɛli fɛɛrɛ fɛ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka AC-DC caman tigɛli baarakɛcogo ɲuman bɔnɛw bali. Porozɛ dilannikɛlaw bɛ se ka batiri hakɛ ɲɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni tile seko ye, tuma dɔw la, u bɛ batiriw sigi minnu fanga hakɛ ka bon ka tɛmɛ tile labɛncogo kan walasa ka rezow jɛgɛncogo baara ka caya.
O fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw bɛ sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli cogoyaw ɲɛnabɔ minnu bɛ se ka segin u cogo kɔrɔ la. Sanni a ka tile fanga pikiri kɛ min bɛ fɛn caman Changer kosɛbɛ ka ɲɛsin rezow ma, batiri bɛ fɛn caman wuli ka bɔ ɲɔgɔn na, ka fanga sabatilen di, min bɛ se ka ci. Ka bɔ rezow baarakɛla ka jate la, tile-plus-maralan min labɛnna ka ɲɛ, o bɛ se ka baara kɛ i n’a fɔ jɛnɛrato min bɛ se ka kɔrɔsi.
Grid Services ani Revenue Stacking
Batiri marayɔrɔw tɛ u jigi da sɔrɔyɔrɔ kelen kan. Jagokɛcogo bɛ tali kɛ "sɔrɔ dalajɛ"-sɔrɔ lajɛ la ka bɔ baara caman na.
Frequency regulation bɛ batiriw sara walasa u ka jaabi teliya la grid frequency deviations kan, o bɛ dɛmɛ don ka 60 Hz tigitigi mara min ka kan. Seko suguw bɛ marayɔrɔ musaka kɛ ka da a kan a bɛ se ka bɔ a la ɲinini waatiw la, hali n’u ma wele. Energy arbitrage (Enerji arbitrage) bɛ tali kɛ chargement (sara) la ni kuran sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔn ani ka bɔli kɛ ni kuran sɔngɔ wulila. Batiri tigi dɔw fana bɛ se ka kɔpi kɛ walima ka u sen don ɲinini jaabi porogaramuw la.
O sɔrɔko suguya caman in bɛ poroze sɔrɔ yiriwa nka a bɛ gɛlɛya fana fara a kan. Batiri ɲɛnabɔli siratigɛw ka kan ka ɲɛtaa sɔrɔ cogoyaw la minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔsɔ, ka balansi don frequency regulation sarali la ni fanga arbitrage cogoyaw ye k’a sɔrɔ batiri seko bɛ se ka kɛ seko suguya layidu talenw na.
Baarakɛcogo kunnafoniw lakikaw
Batiri baarakɛcogo lakika-diɲɛ kɔnɔ, o bɛ fɛɛrɛ in seko ni a dancɛw bɛɛ jira. San 2024 feburuyekalo kɔnɔ, Texas batiriw ye fanga di min bɛ se GW 1 ma sistɛmu kɔrɔtɔlen dɔ la, o min b’a jira ko marayɔrɔ bɛ se ka da a kan ni a mago bɛ a la kosɛbɛ.
Kalifɔrni ka batiriw ka kurunba kɛra fɛnba ye rezow baara la. CAISO, n’o ye Kalifɔrni rezow baarakɛla ye, o bɛ a jigi da batiriw kan sisan walasa ka wulada sira ɲɛnabɔ, k’a sɔrɔ tile bɔli bɛ ka dɔgɔya. Don minnu bɛ kɛ cogoya la, batiri bɔli bɛ daminɛ ka wuli ka taa sanfɛ 5-6 PM lamini na, a bɛ se a dan na 7-8 PM lamini na, ka dɔgɔya ni 10 PM ye-a bɛ kɛ sanga 4 ɲɔgɔn bɔli cycle ye min bɛ bɛn jamana ka duck curve challenge ma.
Nka, baarakɛbaliya ni baarakɛcogo koɲɛw bɛ kɛ. Labɛn juguw, porogaramuw tiɲɛniw, ani minɛnw tiɲɛniw kɛra sababu ye ka batiriw sigicogo juguw kɛ ka bɔ ɛntɛrinɛti kan k’a sɔrɔ u ma miiri. Diɲɛ kɔnɔ dɛsɛko jateminɛ minnu bɔra san 2018-2023 la, olu b’a jira ko dɛsɛ hakɛ bɛ ka dɔgɔya ni izini in bɛ ka kɔgɔ, nka batiriw sigicogo bɛ to ka gɛlɛya, wa u bɛ se ka dɛsɛ ka tɛmɛ laadala jenitɛriw kan.
Jamana ka fanga kura laboratuwari tun bɛ ka nin baarakɛcogo ninnu nɔfɛ walasa ka kunnafoni di rezow bolodacogo kan. U ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli b’a jira ko ni batiriw bilali bɛ ka bonya, dannaya sabatili tɛ seko caman dɔrɔn de wajibiya, nka a bɛ dugukolo suguya caman fana wajibiya ani sistɛmu caman bɔli.
Sɔrɔko jiginni ani suguw ka ɲɛtaa
Batiri marali musaka dɔgɔyaliba ye fanga sɔrɔcogo sɛmɛntiya kokura, nka wariko gɛlɛyabaw bɛ yen hali bi.
San 2018 sɛgɛsɛgɛli min kɛra MIT Technology Review fɛ, o ye musakaw sɛgɛsɛgɛ walasa ka se ka se ka doncogo kura sɔrɔ. O sɛgɛsɛgɛli y’a jira ko ka fɛn kuraw bɔli ni u marayɔrɔw jɔ minnu ka kan walasa ka se Kalifɔrni jamana ka laɲiniw ma, o bɛna musakaw caya kosɛbɛ. Ni 80% donna fanga kura la, ɲininikɛlaw y’a jateminɛ ko musakaw bɛna tɛmɛ dɔrɔmɛ 1600 kan megawati-lɛrɛ kelen na ni i y’a suma ni dɔrɔmɛ 49 ye MWh kelen na ni 50% ye fanga kura sɔrɔcogo la. Hali n’an y’a miiri ko batiriw bɛna musaka kɛ san 2018 sɔngɔ tila sabanan ɲɔgɔn na, sɔrɔko kɛra “min bɛ fanga sɔrɔ pewu ni mara musakaw ye,” i n’a fɔ Clean Air Task Force sɛgɛsɛgɛlikɛla Steve Brick y’a jira cogo min na.
San wɔɔrɔ o kɔfɛ, batiri musakaw jigira tiɲɛ na ni ka tɛmɛ o hakɛ kan min tun fɔra ka dɔgɔya tila sabanan kelen na. Konteyna-skala batiri sitɛmu minnu musaka ye dɔrɔmɛ 250 ye kilowati kelen na san 2020, olu jigira ka tɛmɛ dɔrɔmɛ 140 kan kilowati kelen na san 2023, ka taa a fɛ ka dɔgɔya fo san 2024. Wood Mackenzie porozɛw musakaw bɛ se ka jigin dɔrɔmɛ 100 duguma kilowati kelen na san 2030.
O sɔngɔ jigin ninnu bɛ ka porozɛw ka ɲɛtaa caman sɛmɛntiya. Batiri mara porozɛ minnu tun tɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la san 2018 kɔnɔ, olu bɛ ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ sisan. Nafolosɔrɔko dɔgɔyali sariya ye wariko impositi dɔgɔyali daminɛ walasa ka fɛnw mara u yɛrɛ ma san 2022, ka porozɛw sɔrɔ yiriwa ka taa a fɛ ani ka baara teliya.
Nka, waridon hakɛ min ka kan ka kɛ, o bɛ to ka kabakoya. Angletɛri gɔfɛrɛnaman y’a jateminɛ ko batiri marali ani a ɲɔgɔnna rezow fɛɛrɛw bɛ se ka Angletɛri fanga sɔrɔcogo kisi fo ka se £40 miliyari ma san 2050, nka ka se o yɔrɔ ma, o bɛ wariba de wajibiya ka kɔn o ɲɛ. Kalifɔrni jamana ka seko sigilen 12,5 GW min bɛ yen, o bɛ miliyari caman jira kapitali bilalen na, o bɛɛ n’a ta, o bɛ jamana ka labanko magoɲɛfɛnw tilayɔrɔba dɔrɔn de dafa.
Batiriw bilali yɔrɔ la dugukoloko siratigɛ la, o b’a jira sɔrɔko ni politiki bɛ bɛn yɔrɔ min na. Texas (8 GW sigilen don san 2024) ani California (12,5 GW) faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, olu ka ca ni Ameriki batiri fanga tilancɛ-naani ye. Jamana fila bɛɛ bɛ ni fanga kura sɔrɔcogo caman ye, dɛmɛni politiki, ani fanga suguya minnu bɛ wariko sara di fɛnw marali ladamuni ma.
Dugukolo kan, Sinuwa bɛ diɲɛ batiri seko tilancɛ ɲɔgɔn dilan, wa a bɛ fanga sɔrɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw dilancogo la. Sinuwa tɔnw bɛ litiyamu-ion batiri dilanni seko 60% ni kɔ mara ani ka tɛmɛ 90% kan fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw dilanni seko la i n’a fɔ litiyamu, kobalt, nikɛri, ani grafite. O ɲɔgɔnye in bɛ hami bila fɛnw sɔrɔli lakanani na, wa a ye cɛsiriw bila ka Tlebi jamanaw ka fɛn dilanni seko jɔ, hali n’a musaka ka ca.
Gɛlɛyaw ni danyɔrɔw
Hali ni a bonya teliyalen don, batiri marali bɛ gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ minnu ma ɲɛnabɔ, minnu b’a jɔyɔrɔ laban bali fanga jiginni na.
Materiel première (Matière première) ka gɛlɛyaw
Ni aw bɛ batiri maracogo sɛgɛsɛgɛ fo ka se terawati hakɛ ma, o bɛ litiyamu, kobalt, nikɛri ani fɛn wɛrɛw camanba de wajibiya. Litiyamu bɔli Sili Atacama kungo kɔnɔ ani o ɲɔgɔnna yɔrɔw la, o bɛ nɔba bila sigida la, i n’a fɔ ji dɔgɔyali ani ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo tiɲɛni. Kobalt bɔli, min ka ca Kongo jamana na, o bɛ haminankobaw kɛ jogoɲumanya ni sigidako la.
Ni batiri bɔli bɛ ka taa ɲɛ ka taa gigawatt-lɛrɛ 965 la san o san Erɔpu jamanaw na san 2030, fɛnw ɲinini bɛna caya kosɛbɛ. Cakɛda minnu bɛ fɛnw dilan, olu ka gɛlɛyaw bɛ se ka baara bilali sumaya walima ka dɔ fara musakaw kan, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ni kuran mɔbili ɲininiw bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔsɔ, o bɛ dɛsɛw lase mɔgɔw ma. Segin-ka-bɔnyew yiriwali ani chimie wɛrɛw i n’a fɔ sodiyɔmu-ion, o bɛ sira kelen jira ka taa ɲɛ, nka u fila si ma bonya fɔlɔ walasa ka dɔ bɔ degun na npogotigininw bɔli la.
Lakanali ni sigida haminankow
Litiyamu-ion batiriw hakɛ caman bɛ tasuma faratiw lase. Batiri marayɔrɔ tasuma caman kɛra minnu ka bon-, ko minnu kɛra Arizona foroba baarakɛlaw ka McMicken yɔrɔ la san 2019 ani yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la. Bi sigida la, tasuma kunbɛncogo, funteni kunbɛncogo, ani kɔlɔsili fɛɛrɛ caman bɛ don u kɔnɔ, nka farati ma ban.
Ɲɛnamaya laban-bɔli bɛ gɛlɛya wɛrɛ lase. Batiriw bɛ tiɲɛ waati kɔnɔ, a ka c’a la, u bɛ se 70-80% ma u seko fɔlɔ la san 10-15 baara kɔfɛ. O fɛɛrɛ ninnu filili lafiya la ani ka fɛn nafamaw sɔrɔ, o bɛ a ɲini ka fɛnw lasegin u cogo kɔrɔ la, minnu tɛ yen bi. NREL ka Litiyɔmu-Iyɔn batiriw lasegincogo jateminɛ misali b’a ɲini ka fɛnw dilancogo cakɛdaw ni u lasegincogo nɔfɛkow kariti kɛ, nka jagokɛlaw ka batiriw lasegincogo bɛ senna hali bi.
Elektroliti kemikali minnu bɛ batiri selilɛriw kɔnɔ, olu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ mɔgɔ jeni ani farati bɛ u la ni u bɛ bɔn. Batiri marayɔrɔ minnu labɛnna, olu sigiɲɔgɔnw bɛ porozɛw kɛlɛ tuma dɔw la k’a sababu kɛ o sigida ni lakana haminankow ye, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la togodaw la, sɛnɛyɔrɔw bɛ se ka tiɲɛ yɔrɔ minnu na kasaara fɛ.
Jɛɲɔgɔnya ni Rezow jɛ-ka-baara Bugunw
Batiri minnu labɛnnen don ka don, o tɛ foyi ɲɛ ni u tɛ se ka don rezow la. Jɛɲɔgɔnya sira min bɛ Ameriki jamana na, o kɛra buteliba ye. Kabini san 2023, batiri mara porozɛ minnu bɛ rezow ɲɔgɔndan ɲini, olu tun bɛ makɔnɔni waati caman sɔrɔ kalo 50 kɔnɔ, k’a ta ɲinini fɔlɔ la ka se ɲɔgɔndan bɛnkan ma, o kɔfɛ, jɔli yɛrɛ bɛ san wɛrɛw ta.
O kɔrɔ ye ko porozɛ minnu bɛ na ɛntɛrinɛti kan san 2025, a ka c’a la, olu farala ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ sira kan san 2018 lamini na.Fɛɛrɛbɔ cakɛda caman yeli, musakaw jiginni, ani fɛɛrɛ kuraw jiginni nin waati jan ninnu kɔnɔ. Dabɔbaa dɔw bɛ porozew bila layidu cɛmancɛ-la ni sɔrɔko tiɲɛna.
Grid infrastructure yɛrɛ bɛ fɛnw sɛmɛntiya walasa ka batiribaw sigicogo ɲɛnabɔ. Jatebɔ sira minnu dabɔra sira kelen-kuran bɔli kama ka bɔ cɛmancɛ jɛnɛratow la ka taa feerekɛlaw ma, olu ka kan ka ladamu sira fila bolicogo la ni batiriw bɛ fanga pikiri kɛ u bɔli waati. Lakanali siraw, tension regulation minɛnw, ani control porogaramuw bɛɛ mago bɛ fɛn kuraw la.
Duration-Muɲu Gɛlɛya
Dantigɛli jɔnjɔn tora sɔrɔko la: litiyamu-ion batiriw bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ sanga 1-4 baarakɛcogo la nka u bɛ kɛ sɔngɔba ye min bɛ dankari tile caman marali la. San 2023 Fiziki Diɲɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli dɔ y’a Jira ko ni Angletɛri ye fɛn marayɔrɔ caman Di a ma walasa ka tile tan tugu-tugulenw Dabɔ minnu ka dɔgɔ-segin-segin-sɛnɛfɛnw na, o bɛna musaka miliyari 50 ɲɔgɔn Bɔ idɔrɔzi-sɛnɛfɛnw marali la walima sankolola-taama hakɛ min bɛ Bɛn o ma batiriw la sisan musakaw la.
O de y’a to batiri marali dɔrɔn tɛna kɛ sababu ye ka 100% rezow kura sɔrɔ. Fiɲɛ ni tile bɔli waati janw-minnu bɛ kɛ mara fanba la-o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka seko kura camanba jɔ, ka fɛnw mara minnu bɛ mɛn{4}}, minnu tɛ sɔrɔ fɔlɔ jago siratigɛ la, walima ka sɛnɛfɛnw bɔyɔrɔw mara minnu bɛ se ka ci i n’a fɔ gazi nafama ni karɔbɔli minɛni, nukiliya, walima dugukolo funteni.
Sira min bɛ taa ɲɛfɛ
Batiri marali jiginna ka bɔ kɔrɔbɔli la ka kɛ nafama ye fanga kura sɔrɔcogo la, nka a jɔyɔrɔ tora a yɔrɔ kelen ye sigida caman caman cili la.
Grid baarakɛlaw bɛ ka dege ka sistɛmuw labɛn minnu bɛ ka gɛlɛya ka taa a fɛ. Sani u ka kuran sɛnɛyɔrɔba kɛmɛ damadɔw kɔlɔsi, u bɛ ka nafolo miliyɔn caman ɲɛnabɔ minnu tilalen don, i n’a fɔ batiriw, tile pannew, fiɲɛbɔlanw, ani doni minnu bɛ se ka kɔlɔsi. Hakilila dilannen ni masin kalanni algorisimuw bɛ dɛmɛ ka sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli cogoyaw fɔ minnu bɛ se ka segin u cogo kɔrɔ la, ka batiriw cicogo ɲɛ, ani ka sɔrɔ ni ɲinini balansi segin -ka se-waatiw kɔnɔ.
Porto Riko bɛ misali di fɛnw marali seko kan sigidaw la minnu ka gɛlɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la. Gun in ka gɛlɛya ka se sanfiɲɛba ma ani kuran tiɲɛni min bɛ sɔrɔ o la, o b’a to fanga muɲuli nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. NREL tun bɛ ka dɛmɛ don ka tile-ni-batiri sira kelen-kelenw bila senkan Porto Riko jamana bɛɛ kɔnɔ, ka fanga kɔkanna di ni rezow kunba tiɲɛna ani ka dɔ bɔ jigi da fɛnɲɛnamafagalan sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw na minnu bɛ na jamana wɛrɛw la.
Sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ senna fɛɛrɛw kan minnu bɛ se ka marayɔrɔw ka yɔrɔ tɔw ɲɛnabɔ. Nɛgɛ-fiɲɛ batiriw, minnu bɛ se ka fanga mara sanga 100 kɔnɔ, olu bɛ ka labɛn. Batiri flow ɲɛnabɔli bɛ se ka dɔ bɔ sennakow ni musakaw la. Sumaya marali-ka baara kɛ ni kuran ye walasa ka cɛncɛn, kɔgɔ walima fɛn wɛrɛw sumaya-o bɛ sira wɛrɛ di baara ma min bɛ kɛ waati jan kɔnɔ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la izini funteni kama. Finlande ka "cɛncɛn batiri" bɛ funteni fanga megawati 8 mara degere 600 na walasa ka funteni di sow ni fɛnw ma minnu bɛ kɛrɛfɛ.
Ladonni ni mobili-ka-rezo fɛɛrɛw fara ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ dancɛ wɛrɛ jira. Batiri caman bɛ kuran mɔbiliw kɔnɔ minnu bɛ sigi baara la tuma caman na. Charging fɛɛrɛ fila bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye EVw ka se ka fanga bɔ ka segin rezow la waati minnu na mɔgɔw ka ca kosɛbɛ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka mobili miliyɔn caman tigɛli kɛ fɛn marayɔrɔ tilalenw ye. Ɔsitarali ni jamana wɛrɛw bɛ ka siraw sɛgɛsɛgɛ walasa ka nin fɛɛrɛ in kɛ sariya ye.
Politiki ni suguya labɛnni bɛna kɛ fɛnba ye. Mara minnu bɛ sariyasunba sigida ɲumanw dilan ani suguya fɛɛrɛw minnu bɛ nafa caman don marali nafa caman na ka ɲɛ, a ka c’a la, olu bɛna baara teliya ye. Ameriki ka nafolosɔrɔbaliya dɔgɔyali sariya ka marayɔrɔ impositi dɔgɔyali ye yiriwali teliya; o politiki dɛmɛ sugu min bɛ kɛ marabolo wɛrɛw la, o bɛ se ka diɲɛ yiriwali bila senkan.
Fɛn min bɛ jɛya ka bɔ daliluw sɛgɛsɛgɛli la, o ye ko batiri marali bɔra dankan na ka taa fanga bolodacogo kunba la. GW 26 min sigilen don Ameriki san 2024 laban na, hali n’a ka bon, o bɛ daminɛ dɔrɔn de jira. BloombergNEF ka jateminɛ min kɛra ka fara gigawatt 220 kan san o san diɲɛ kɔnɔ san 2035, o b’a jira ko sisan bonya hakɛ, n’a sabatira, o bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka batiri marali kɛ fɛnba ye rezow baara la i n’a fɔ fɛnw cili siraw walima transformateurw.
O fɛɛrɛ in tɛna gɛlɛya bɛɛ ɲɛnabɔ. Waati marali bɛ to ka sɔrɔ, fɛnw dilancogo cakɛdaw bɛ gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ, wa musakaw ka kan ka taa a fɛ ka dɔgɔya. Nka taama sira jɛlen don : fanga kura sɔrɔlenw hakɛ cayara teliya la ni musakaw binna fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw hakɛ jukɔrɔ ; batiri marali bɛ ka tugu o cogo kelen na sisan, wa sistɛmu minnu ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka rezow ɲɛnabɔ min bɛ se ka kuraya ka taa a fɛ, olu bɛ ka cogo ta waati yɛrɛ la.
Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na
Batiri marayɔrɔw bɛ se ka fanga mara fo waati joli?
Grid-scale litiyamu-ion batiri sitɛmu fanba minnu sigilen don bi, olu dabɔra sanga 1 fo sanga 4 kɔnɔ, u bɔli waati kɔnɔ. O kɔrɔ ye k’u bɛ Se k’u ka fanga hakɛ dafalen Di o waati in na sani u ka Dɔgɔya. Sisitɛmu kura dɔw bɛ taa fo sanga 6-10, nka ni u kuntaala ka jan, o bɛ dɔ fara musakaw kan kosɛbɛ. A marali waati bɛ bɔ batiri farikolo seko la (min bɛ suman megawatt-lɛrɛw la) ni a bɔli hakɛ ye (a bɛ suman megawatt-lɛrɛw la).
Grid-scale batiri marayɔrɔ ka ɲɛnamaya ye mun ye?
Bi litiyamu nɛgɛ fositɛri batiri minnu bɛ kɛ rezow marayɔrɔw la, a ka c’a la, olu bɛ baara kɛcogo ɲuman mara san 10-16 kɔnɔ, ka kɛɲɛ ni baarakɛcogo ye. Batiriw bɛ tɛmɛ charge-discharge cycle ba caman fɛ u ka ɲɛnamaya kɔnɔ, u seko bɛ ban dɔɔnin dɔɔnin. Ni baarakɛcogo dɔgɔyara ka se 70-80% ɲɔgɔn ma a seko fɔlɔ la, a ka c’a la, batiriw mago bɛ fɛn wɛrɛw la, hali ni ɲininiw bɛ senna ka ɲɛsin batiri tiɲɛnenw kɛli ma kokura baarakɛcogo la minnu tɛ fɛn caman ɲini.
Mun na batiri musakaw bɛ ka dɔgɔya joona ten?
Fɛn saba de bɛ batiri musakaw dɔgɔya. A fɔlɔ, kuran mɔbiliw dilanni hakɛba ye fɛn dilanni hakɛw lawuli minnu ye dɔ bɔ musaka kelen-kelen bɛɛ la. Filanan, ɲɛtaa minnu kɛra ka taa a fɛ batiriw ka chimie la, olu ye dɔ fara fanga hakɛ kan ani ka dɔ bɔ fɛnw magoɲɛfɛnw na. Sabanan, ɲɔgɔndan min kɛra fɛn dilannikɛlaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la Sinuwa fɛn dilannikɛlaw, o ye fɛnw sɔrɔli caya kojugu san 2024 kɔnɔ, o ye sɔngɔw jigin ka taa a fɛ. Kalansenw b’a jira ko musakaw bɛna dɔgɔya ka taa a fɛ ni sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli hakɛ dalajɛlenw cayara.
Yala batiriw bɛ se ka gazi nafama kuran baarakɛyɔrɔw bila u nɔ na pewu wa?
A tɛ kɛ ni sisan fɛɛrɛ kuraw ye. Batiriw ka fisa ni "peaker" jiriw falenni ye minnu bɛ baara kɛ sanga damadɔ kɔnɔ don o don, u ɲinini caya waati. Nka, gazi nafama faralen-sikili izini minnu bɛ baara kɛ tuma bɛɛ ani ka tile caman dannaya di, olu bɛ to ka gɛlɛya ka batiriw bila u nɔ na k’a sababu kɛ u kuntaala ni musaka dantigɛli ye. Rezo min bɛ se ka segin a cogo kɔrɔ la, o mago bɛna kɛ batiri camanba jɔli la, min bɛ kɛ waati jan kɔnɔ, n’o tɛ sɔrɔ fɔlɔ jago siratigɛ la, walima ni fɛn wɛrɛ ye min bɛ se ka ci ni karɔbɔli dɔgɔman ye, i n’a fɔ nukliyɛri walima dugukolo funteni.
Batiri marayɔrɔw bɛ wari sɔrɔ cogo di?
Batiri mara porozɛw bɛ sɔrɔ sɔrɔ yɔrɔ caman na waati kelen na, o ye wale ye min bɛ wele ko "sɔrɔ dalajɛli". U bɛ sɔrɔ sɔrɔ frequency regulation services fɛ, seko suguya sarali k’a sababu kɛ u bɛ sɔrɔ waati minnu na, fanga arbitrage u kɛtɔ ka fanga san sɔngɔ gɛlɛn na off-peak power ani ka feereli kɛ sɔngɔ jiginni waatiw la, ani tuma dɔw la, u bɛ charge dɔgɔyali ɲini walima backup power services. Sɔrɔ sɔrɔyɔrɔw ɲagaminen bɛ danfara ka kɛɲɛ ni mara ni suguya sigicogo ye.
Yala batiri marayɔrɔw lakananen don wa?
Grid-scale batiri sitɛmuw kɔnɔ, lakana fɛɛrɛ caman bɛ yen i n’a fɔ tasuma kunbɛncogo, funteni maracogo, kɔlɔsili basigilen, ani farikolo lakanani. Nka, faratiw bɛ yen-litiyɔmu-ion batiriw bɛ se ka tasuma minɛ ni u tiɲɛna walima ni u ma ɲɛnabɔ cogo bɛnbali la, wa ko caman kɛra minnu ka bon kosɛbɛ-. Lakanali sariyaw bɛ ka wuli ka taa a fɛ ni izini in bɛ ka kɔgɔ, wa bi fɛnw bɛ kalanw don u kɔnɔ minnu bɔra baara kɛcogo kɔrɔw la. A ka c’a la, LFP chimie ka fisa ni NMC ye ka da funteni sabatili ɲuman kan.