Katodi fɛn ye litiyamu ionw sɔrɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ ye alitiyamu-ion batiri. Chargement (sarali) waati, litiyamu ionw bɛ bɔ katodi fɛn ka kristalɛ latice la ka don anode fɛn na; a kɔsegin bɛ kɛ bɔli waati la. Katodi fɛn ka se ka segin a cogo kɔrɔ la ani a ka tension plateau chargement ni dischargement waati la, o de bɛ litiyamu-ion batiri fanga hakɛ dantigɛ kosɛbɛ. Ka fara o kan, ikomi nɛgɛw bɛ katodi fɛn na i n’a fɔ litiyamu, kobalt ani nikɛri, o de ye litiyamu-ion batiri musaka yɔrɔba ye.
Katodi fɛnw yiriwali minnu fanga ka bon, minnu bɔli fanga ka bon, minnu bɛ baara kɛ waati jan, ani minnu dilanni ka nɔgɔn, o nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. Katodi fɛn ɲuman ka kan ka nin cogoya jɔnjɔn ninnu dafa.
(1) A bɛ ni redox potentiel (redox potentiel) caman ye, o b’a to batiri ka bɔli tension (voltage) ka bon.
(2) A bɛ se ka litiyamu ion caman ladon, o bɛ a to batiri hakɛ ka bon.
(3) Litiyamu ionw doncogo n’u bɔli waati la, katodi fɛn bɛ se k’a jɔcogo sabatili mara, o la, a bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka elekitorode ka cycle ɲɛnamaya jan sɔrɔ.
(4) A bɛ ni ɛntɛrinɛti ni ionw tacogo ɲuman ye, o bɛ dɔ bɔ kosɛbɛ fanga bɔnɛ na min bɛ sɔrɔ polarize nɔw fɛ, o la, batiri bɛ se ka charge ni a bɔli teliya la.
(5) Batiri ka baarakɛta hakɛ ka kan ka kɛ elekitoroliti ka kuran sabatili hakɛ kɔnɔ, o la, kemikɛli kɛcogo kunntanw bɛ dɔgɔya elekitorolifɛn ni elekitoroliti cɛ.
(6) A man kan ka kɛ dɔrɔn ko a musaka ka dɔgɔ ani a ka kan ka kɛ ni fɛn dilanni nɔgɔman ye, nka a ka kan fana ka sigida lakananiba jira.
O tɛmɛnen kɔ, katodi fɛn fana ka kan ka kuran ni funteni sabatili ɲuman jira.
Katodifɛn minnu bɛ yen, olu bɛ se ka tila kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la kulu saba ye ka da u ka kristalɛ jɔcogo danfara kan: 1 layini lamini, i n’a fɔ litiyamu kobalti ɔkisidi (LiCoO2) ani fɛn saba (LiNiCo, Mni-x-yO2) 2 olivini jɔcogo, i n’a fɔ litiyamu nɛgɛ fositɛri (LiFePO4); 3 spinel structure oxides, i n’a fɔ litiyamu manganɛzi ɔkisidi (LiMn2O4) ani litiyamu nikɛri manganɛzi ɔkisidi (LiNi10.5Mn1.5O4). Katodi suguya wɛrɛw fanga hakɛ tɛ kelen ye, u ka kuran-sɛnɛcogo, ani u musakaw tɛ kelen ye, o laban na, u bɛ bɛn forow ni baarakɛcogo danfaralenw ma. Layɛrɛli jɔli katodi fɛnw bɛ tali kɛ katodi fɛnw na minnu bɛ layɛrɛ mikrokirisitalini jɔli la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, litiyamu kobalti ɔkisidi, litiyɔmu nikɛri kobalti manganɛsi ɔkisidi, ani litiyamu-manganɛsi ɔkisidi nafama. Olu cɛma, litiyamu kobalti ɔkisidi ni litiyamu nikɛri kobalti manganɛsi ɔkisidi ye katodifɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka caya sisan litiyamu-ion batiriw la ɛntɛrinɛti nizɛri fɛnw na ani fanga litiyamu{15}}ion batiriw la. U bɛ dɔn ni fanga caman sɔrɔli ye, cycle baarakɛcogo ɲuman, ani baarakɛcogo ɲuman bɛɛ lajɛlen, nka nɛgɛ hakɛ caman i n’a fɔ nikɛri, kobalt ani manganɛsi bɛ na ni musaka caman ye.
Litiyamu kobalt ɔkisidi katodi fɛn
Litiyamu kobalt ɔkisidi (LiCoO2) sɔrɔla Ameriki dɔnnikɛla fɛ ani Nobɛl laadalata sɔrɔbaga fɛ Simi la, J. B. Goodenough, ani a feerela fɔlɔ Sony Corporation fɛ Japon san 1990 waatiw la. Hali bi, litiyamu kobalti ɔkisidi tora katodifɛnw dɔ ye minnu ka fanga hakɛ ka bon ni hakɛ ye. O de kama, a bɛ kɛ kosɛbɛ nizɛri pouch cellules fɛnw na minnu bɛ fanga hakɛ caman wajibiya, i n’a fɔ telefɔni selilɛriw, smartwatch ani Bluetooth kungolodilanw.
Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), as one of the earliest commercially available cathode materials, possesses a volumetric energy density unmatched by other cathode materials. Electrodes prepared from LiCoO2 can achieve a compaction density exceeding 4.2 g/cm², and a specific capacity of 185 mA·h/g at high voltage (>4,45V ye). Ka fara o kan, LiCoO2 bɛ ɛntɛrinɛti ni ionw tali kɛcogo jira min ka fisa ni tɔw ye, fanga baarakɛcogo ɲuman, ani chargement teliya-a, a bɛ sisan mɔgɔw ka ɛntɛrinɛti batiriw ka ɲininiw dafa, wa o cogo la, a bɛ baara kɛ cogo caman na. Ka da o jogo ninnu kan, LiCoO2 tora katodi fɛn ɲumanw dɔ ye fo ka na se bi ma.
Litiyamu kobalt ɔkisidi dilanni fɛɛrɛ kunbabaw ye fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw dilanni ye min ka funteni ka bon-cogo la, sol-jeli sɛnɛcogo, ani coprecipitation min bɛ kɛ ni funteni dɔgɔman ye. Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalan-yɔrɔ min bɛ funteni caman na, o ye ka litiyamu kɔgɔw ni kobalti-fɛnw ɲagami ɲɔgɔn na, oksizɛni walima hidrɔkisidi minnu bɛ sɔrɔ stoikiometriki hakɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ la, o kɔfɛ, ka ɲagami in jeni funteni bɛnnen na waati dɔ kɔnɔ, o kɔfɛ, ka nɛnɛ, ka a mugu, ka a sɔgɔ walasa ka misali sɔrɔ. Hali n’a y’a sɔrɔ ko -funteniba solide-state synthesis fɛɛrɛ bɛ kɛ ka caya izini sɛnɛfɛnw dilanni na, a bɛ waati-ta, a bɛ sintezi funteni caman de wajibiya, wa a bɛ mugu belebelebaw dilan, minnu tɛ kelen ye, ni stoikiometriki jiginniba bɛ u la, o bɛ na ni musaka cayalenba ye.
Fosifate katodi fɛnw
San 1997, Goodenough ni a ɲɔgɔnnaw ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ. fɔlɔ ye litiyamu nɛgɛ fositɛri (LiFePO4) sugandi ka kɛ katodifɛn ye litiyamu-ion batiriw kama.
K’a sababu kɛ a musaka dɔgɔyali ye, a jɔcogo sabatilen, ani a lakanani ka bon, o fɛn in kɛra dɔɔnin dɔɔnin katodifɛnw dɔ ye min ka di litiyamu-ion batiriw ye kuran bisiw kɔnɔ ani fanga marayɔrɔw la.
Litiyamu nɛgɛ fositɛri (LiFePO4) ni nɛgɛ fositɛri (FePO4) bɛ kristalɛ jɔcogo ni kristalɛ sigicogo kelen na. O kɔrɔ ye ko fɛn in bɛ fɛn caman yeli kɛ litiyamu-ion doncogo/bɔli waati la, o bɛ latisi tiɲɛni bali kosɛbɛ min bɛ sɔrɔ hakɛ caya walima a dɔgɔyali fɛ. O tɛmɛnen 'kɔ, o jogo in bɛ kuran ɲɔgɔndan ɲuman Kɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ni fɛnɲɛnɛma-fɛnw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, o bɛ Nà ni 'sènbɔli sabatili ɲuman ye ani ka ɲɛnamaya jan Kɛ. Ka fara o kan, litiyɔmu nɛgɛ fositɛri tɔgɔ bɔra a ka sigida lakanani na, a musaka{6}}nafa, a lakanani ɲuman, a seko kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ka bon (170 mA·h/g ɲɔgɔn), ani a ka charge/discharge platform sabatilen. Ni an y’o nafaw jateminɛ, nɛgɛ fositɛri litiyamu bɛ jate sugandili ɲuman ye katodifɛnw na fanga maracogobaw la-.
Fɛɛrɛw ye sol-gel kɛcogo ye, coprecipitation fɛɛrɛw, ani jisuma-sɛnɛcogo. Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, jisuma-sɛnɛ bɛ fɛn laɲinilen sɔrɔ k’a ɲɛsin otoklavi kɔnɔ, a kɛtɔ ka funteni ni degun caya, ka nɛgɛ, litiyamu ani fosiporozɛni faralenw kɛ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ nɔgɔya la i n’a fɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw. O fɛɛrɛ in lakodɔnnen don a baara nɔgɔman fɛ, a fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw hakɛ fitininw ni u hakɛ kelen fɛ, ani a fanga dɔgɔyali fɛ. Nka, dan b’a la izini sɛnɛfɛnw na, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, k’a sababu kɛ a mago bɛ minɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na minnu bɛ se ka degun- kɛlɛ. Faan wɛrɛ fɛ, coprecipitation bɛ Kɛ solution system (jibɔlan) kɔnɔ, yɔrɔ min na, precurseur (ɲɛnamaya) cogoya bɛ nɔ Bɔ fɛn caman na i n’a fɔ a hakɛ, funteni kɔlɔsili, pH ladilanni, ani a wulicogo. Ni an y’a jateminɛ ko nin paramɛtiriw jɔyɔrɔ ka bon kosɛbɛ LiFePO fɛn laban sintelen baarakɛcogo la, kɔrɔbɔli cogoyaw sugandili koɲuman nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. Fɛn minnu labɛnna nin fɛɛrɛ in fɛ, olu tɛ dan u ka mikrosɔrɔcogo ɲumanw dɔrɔn ma (o kɔrɔ ye ko fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw hakɛ fitininw ni u hakɛ kelen) nka u bɛ kuran-sɛnɛcogo ɲumanw fana jira; nka, a ka kan ka kɔlɔsi ko baarakɛcogo bɛɛ ka gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ, wa filɛri gɛlɛyaw ni nɔgɔko gɛlɛyaw bɛ se ka sɔrɔ baara kɛtuma na.
Litiyamu manganɛsi ɔkisidi ani litiyamu-manganɛsi nafama-katodi fɛnw
Litiyamu manganɛsi ɔkisidi
Litiyamu-ion batiri katodifɛnw ɲinini na, katodifɛn nafama wɛrɛ min bɛ sɔrɔ jago la, o ye spinɛli-litiyɔmu manganɛsi ɔkisidi (LiMn2O4) katodifɛn ye min labɛnna Thackeray ni a ɲɔgɔnnaw fɛ. san 1983. Spinɛli-litiyɔmu manganɛsi ɔkisidi sigilen bɛ kubik kristali sigida la. A ka kemikoro danfaralen ye LiMn2O4 ye. LiMn2O4 kristalɛ jɔcogo la, oksizɛni bɛ ɲɛda{1}}cɛmancɛ kubik close-packed structure kɔnɔ, ka sɔrɔ manganɛsi ni oksizɛni bɛ kɛ octahedral structure ye, i n’a fɔ a jiralen bɛ cogo min na ja in na.
Manganɛsi ka ca a la, wa spinɛli-suguya litiyamu manganɛsi ɔkisidi (LiMn2O4) labɛnni fɛɛrɛw bɛ jogo suguya caman jira. Fɛn in dilanni sira ni a baarakɛcogo fɛɛrɛ bɛ nɔ bila fɛn laban in ka mikrosɔrɔcogo ni a suman yiriwali la k’a ɲɛsin a yɛrɛ ma. O la, nin sinsinnanw kɛcogo ɲuman nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ walasa ka elekitorode fɛnw ka kuran-sɛnɛ baara ɲɛ ka taa a fɛ baarakɛcogo ɲumanw na. Sisan.
Dakun wɛrɛ bɛ tali kɛ kemikaliya jiginni na jilama sigida la, ni misali danmadɔw ye i n’a fɔ sol-gel fɛɛrɛ, jisuma-sɛnɛcogo, ani coprecipitation fɛɛrɛw. LiMnzO4 ye mɔgɔw ɲɛnajɛ kosɛbɛ k’a sababu kɛ a sɔngɔ nafa ye, a ka funteni sabatili ɲuman, a ka chargement overcharge barikama, ani a ka sigida nafa ɲumanw. Nka, dɛsɛ bɛ nin fɛn in na wotoro bolicogo ni a maracogo la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la funteni caman na, yɔrɔ min na a ka wotoro bolicogo bɛ tiɲɛ kosɛbɛ, o bɛ na ni seko bɔnɛ ye min tɛ se ka segin kɔ.
litiyamu-manganɛsi nafama-based
Litiyamu manganɛsi ɔkisidi kɔfɛ, litiyamu-manganɛsi camanba-fɛn minnu sinsinnen bɛ layɛrɛw kan, olu ye mɔgɔw hakili sama kosɛbɛ i n’a fɔ katodi fɛn min bɛ ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan litiyamu-ion batiriw kama.
Litiyamu-manganese-katodifɛnw labɛnni fɛɛrɛw ye solid-state fɛɛrɛw ye, sol-gel fɛɛrɛw, ani co-precipitation fɛɛrɛw. Solid-state fɛɛrɛ ye nɛgɛ ɔkisizɛni ni nɛgɛ karɔbɔni walima nɛgɛ idɔrɔkisidi ɲagamini ye k’a ɲɛsin u hakɛ dɔ ma, o kɔfɛ, fɛn gɛlɛn-funteni caman bɛ kɛ walasa ka litiyamu-fɛnw sɔrɔ minnu falen don layɛrɛw la. Nafa minnu bɛ solid-state fɛɛrɛ la, olu ye a seko ye ka litiyamu-fɛn camanba labɛn minnu falen don layɛrɛ la, a labɛncogo min ka nɔgɔn kosɛbɛ, ani a musaka dɔgɔyali. Nafa minnu b’a la, olu ye fɛn gɛlɛnw ka jɛnsɛnni hakɛ jugu ye fɛnmugu-yɔrɔ sintering waati la, ani ko tɛmɛsira nɛgɛ suguya wɛrɛw ka jɛnsɛnni hakɛ tɛ kelen ye solid-yɔrɔ waleya la, o b’a to a ka gɛlɛn fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ka jɛnsɛnni na ka ɲɛ. O la, fɛn dilannenw ka kelennasigi man ɲi, o bɛ nɔ bila katodifɛn ka baarakɛcogo la. Sol-gel fɛɛrɛ ye fɔlɔ ka tɛmɛsira nɛgɛ kɔgɔji dɔ fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka kɛ sol ye, o kɔfɛ ka ji labɔ walasa k’a kɛ jeli ye, ka laban k’a ja ani k’a jeli walasa ka litiyamu-fɛn caman sɔrɔ minnu bɛ layɛrɛw la. O fɛɛrɛ in bɛ fɛnw sɔrɔ minnu tilatilali ye kelen ye ani minnu saniya ka bon, wa elekitorode minnu dilannen don, olu bɛ kuran-kimika baarakɛcogo ɲuman jira. Nka, a dɛsɛw ye a dilanni waati jan ye, a mago bɛ fɛn caman na minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn falen-falen (asidi organique walima etilɛni gilikɔli), o bɛ na ni musaka caman ye. O tɛmɛnen 'kɔ, litiyamu-fɛn minnu falen bɛ layɛrɛw la minnu bɛ Bɔ, olu fanba ye nano/mikɔrɔn fɛn misɛnninw ye minnu ka density lakika ka dɔgɔn. O la, nin fɛɛrɛ in bɛ kɛ sisan fɔlɔ laboratuwari sigidaw la walasa ka fɛnw dilan minnu falen bɛ litiyamu-layeraw la, wa a jago ka gɛlɛn.
Nikilɛri katodi fɛnw ka ca-
Ɲininikalaw ye a ɲini kabini tuma jan funteni sabatili -ba ni hakɛ baarakɛcogo ɲuman na i n’a fɔ laɲini fɔlɔw ni u bɛ katodi labɛn
fɛnw bɛ kɛ litiyamu-ion batiriw kama. Fɛnba saba cɛma - LiCoO2, LiNi11₋ᵧCo2MnᵧO2 (NCM), ani LiFePO4 - NCM jatera katodifɛnw dɔ ye min bɛ layidu ta kosɛbɛ k’a sababu kɛ a seko kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ka bon kosɛbɛ, a ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan musaka ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ, a lakanani ka fisa ni LiCoO2 ye sigida lakanani ani musaka nafa ka tɛmɛ laadalafɛnw kan.
Nin fɛn sugu in bɛ ni -NaFeO2-suguya layidu kristalɛ jɔcogo kelen ye wa a bɛ R-3m yɔrɔ kulu la. O hakilina in Fɔra fɔlɔ Liu ni a ɲɔgɔnnaw fɛ. san 1999. A bɛ katodifɛn saba nafaw fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni hakilitigiya ye - litiyamu kobalti ɔkisidi (LiCoO2), litiyamu nikɛri ɔkisidi (LiNiO2), ani litiyamu manganɛsi ɔkisidi (LiMnO2) - ani ka dɛsɛ minnu bɛ fɛn kelen-kelen bɛɛ la, olu musaka bɔ ka ɲɛ (i n’a fɔ a jiralen bɛ cogo min na ja 5-6 kɔnɔ). Ni fɛn minnu bɛ tɛmɛsira nɛgɛw hakɛ ladilan, balansi ɲuman bɛ se ka sɔrɔ seko kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw, cycle baarakɛcogo, lakana ani musakaw cɛ ka taa a fɛ.
Litiyɔmu nikɛli kobalti manganɛsi ɔkisidi (NCM) katodi sabanan fɛn min bɛ kɛ ni kristalɛ ye, o ni LiCoO2 ta ye kelen ye, u fila bɛɛ bɛ kɛ hexagonal layers structure la.
