Grid-Forming vs Grid-BESS nɔfɛ: I ka kan ka baara kɛ ni jumɛn ye?

Sugandili kɛli grid-forming ni grid- cɛ min bɛ tugu batiri fanga maracogo kɔ, o tɛ inverter cogoya "ɲɛnamayalen" sugandili ye. O fɛɛrɛ fila bɛ kuran jɔyɔrɔw kɛ minnu tɛ kelen ye, wa sugandili ɲuman bɛ bɔ rezow fanga la, baarakɛcogo minnu wajibiyalen don batiri baarakɛyɔrɔ la, ɲɔgɔndan sariyaw minnu bɛ sirataama, ani baarakɛyɔrɔ dafalen ka kan ka baarakɛcogo min jira.

A grid-following (GFL) BESS bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni grid voltage ni frequency reference ye min bɛ yen. A grid-forming (GFM) BESS bɛ kɔnɔna voltage ni frequency reference mara ani ka jɛɲɔgɔnya kɛ ni lamini sigida ye ka bɔ o reference la.

O danfara in bɛ ka nafa sɔrɔ ka taa a fɛ bawo gridw bɛ inverter-based generation and storage hakɛ caman fara a kan. Nka a ka teli fana ka nɔgɔya kojugu. Grid (grid) dilanni kɔrɔ tɛ a yɛrɛma ka daminɛ nɛrɛma, filiw ka kurun dan tɛ, ka dan surun-circuit-ratio dɔgɔya, walima sɔrɔko ɲuman poroze bɛɛ kɔnɔ. O cogo kelen na, rezow tuguni bɛ to ka bɛn rezow jago, izini ani nafabɔ baara barikama caman ma.

Grid-Forming vs Grid-BESS nɔfɛta ye ɲɛ kelen na

O la, ɲininkali daminɛ na min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ, o tɛ "Fɛɛrɛ jumɛn ka fisa?" nka"Inverter b'a ka kuran reference sɔrɔ min, wa izini ka kan ka mun kɛ ni o reference barika dɔgɔyara walima n'a tununna?"

Grid-BESS nɔfɛta ye mun ye?

Grid-min bɛ BESS nɔfɛ, o bɛ baara kɛ n’a kafanga jiginni sira (PCS) .ka bɛn ni AC waveform ye min bɛ yen kaban ɲɔgɔndan yɔrɔ la.

GFL kɔrɔsibaga kɔrɔ bɛ baara kɛ ni fasa-locked loop ye, walima PLL, walasa ka grid fasa angle ni frequency jateminɛ. O kɔfɛ, controleur bɛ inverter current (inverter current) labɛn walasa ka fanga active ni reactive wajibiyalen di.

Hakilila siratigɛ la, o ɲɔgɔndan in ye:

1. Grid walima voltage-forming source wɛrɛ bɛ AC waveform sigi sen kan.
2. Inverter (inverter) bɛ jikuruw cogoya suman.
3. Kontrɔla bɛ jatebɔ kɛ kurunba la min ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka fanga cikan dafa.
4. PCS bɛ fanga pikiri walima k’a minɛ k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ to ka kɛɲɛ ni kɛnɛma ɲɛfɔli ye.

O jɔli in kɔgɔlen don ani a bɛ baara kɛ ni grid bɛ stable voltage reference di. Baarakɛcogo minnu bɛ kɛ cogoya la, olu ye fanga arbitrage, peak shaving, demand management, renewable-energy shifting, capacity services, ani frequency regulation suguya caman ye.

Dantigɛli kunbaba bɛ bɔ ni voltage reference barika dɔgɔyara, ni a fanga ka bon kosɛbɛ, walima ni a tununna. GFL inverter saniyalen tɛ se ka fanga di AC bus salen ma a yɛrɛma bawo waveform (waveform) sigilen tɛ yen walasa a ka tugu.

Grid-Forming BESS ye mun ye?

Grid-forming BESS bɛ baara kɛ ni control philosophy wɛrɛ ye. PCS bɛ kɔnɔna-voltaji fasor dɔ mara ani k’a ni rezow ka jɛɲɔgɔnya kɔlɔsi ka bɔ o ɲɛfɔli la. Nivo nɔgɔman na, a bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ tension (kurunba) min bɛ kɔrɔsi, impedansi kɔfɛ.

AEMO ka baarakɛlawVolontaire Specification pour les Inverseurs de Grid-formingbɛ danfara don core grid-forming behavior ni seko wɛrɛw la minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka jiriw ka baarakɛcogo camanba de wajibiya. O danfara in nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ : "GFM seko" min bɛ PCS kunnafonidilan kan, o t’a jira ko BESS dafalen bɛ se ka GFM-baarakɛcogo bɛɛ kɛ.

Jagokɛcogo waleyali bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni droop-based control ye, virtuel synchronous machine walima virtuel synchronous generator hakilinaw, power-synchronization fɛɛrɛw, walima algorithmes wɛrɛw. O kɔrɔsili denbayaw man kan ka jate iko fɛn minnu bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn falen. U ka kɛwalew bɛ se ka danfaraba don rezow baara barikama-waati la, jɔrɔnankobaw waati la, sisan dantigɛli waatiw la, ani jiginniw senfɛ rezow-jɛɲɔgɔnw ni gun jamanaw cɛ.

Grid-Forming bɛ se ka min di

Ka kɛɲɛ ni inverter ni izini dilanni ye, GFM baarakɛcogo bɛ se ka dɛmɛ don:

• voltage-source kɛcogo;
• baara kɛli -sitɛmu- fanga dɔgɔya cogoyaw la;
• frequency ni voltage jaabi teliya la;
• sintetiki walima ladege inertial kɛcogo;
• oscillation damping (yɛrɛyɛrɛli);
• gun kan baarakɛcogo;
• sistɛmu seginni dɛmɛni;
• sitɛmu barikama- sabatili dɛmɛ IBR sanfɛ{1}}rezo dɔw la.

Nka, GFM label dɔ bɛ o kɛayiotomatiki la, a bɛ garanti di ko jiri dafalen bɛ se ka:

• black-rezo salen dɔ daminɛ;
• ka gun dɔ baara fo waati dafabali;
• GFM ka TSO walima nafamafɛnw ɲɛfɔli bɛɛ dafa;
• ka filiw kuran hakɛ kofɔlen dɔ di;
• ka tension ideal-source behavior mara sisan danw selen kɔfɛ;
• baarakɛcogo caman ɲɔgɔn falen-falen k’a sɔrɔ kunnafoni wɛrɛw ma kɛ walima ni kɔrɔbɔli tɛ;
• ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ kokura lafiya la gun baara kɔfɛ;
• aw bɛ inertie hakɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ di ni fanga walima fanga kunkoloyɔrɔ tɛ.

Nin danfara in min bɛ invertɛri seko ni izini-nivo seko cɛ, o ye ko nafama dɔ ye BESS sannifeere la.

Fɛɛrɛko siratigɛ la, ɲɔgɔndan min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ

Barikantan-Grid baarakɛcogo ani surun-Circuit Ratio

Grid-na tugu-tugu-kunkankow bɛ bɔ kɛnɛma-voltage reference dɔ la. Ni sistɛmu fanga bɛ dɔgɔya, inverter current bɛ se ka nɔba bila tension waveform na PLL b’a ɲini ka tugu min kɔ. PLLw, control loops, network impedance, ani inverter-based resources minnu bɛ kɛrɛfɛ, olu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ jɛɲɔgɔnyaw bɛ se ka sabatili dancɛw dɔgɔya.

Grid-forming controls bɛ se ka nafa sɔrɔ bawo u bɛ voltage-source behavior mara sanni u ka u jigi da kɛnɛma waveform gɛlɛn kan walasa ka sinsin basigilen kɛ.

Nka diɲɛ bɛɛ ka surun-circuit-ratio nafa tɛ yen min bɛ latigɛ a yɛrɛma GFL ni GFM cɛ. Kuma minnu bɛ fɔ i n’a fɔ "GFL sabatilen don tuma bɛɛ SCR 3 sanfɛ" walima "GFM wajibiyalen don SCR 1.5 duguma" olu bɛ se ka kɛ misali gɛlɛnw ye kalan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ la, nka u man kan ka kɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ ka sanni sariyaw ye. Sitimɛ fanga fana bɛ bɔ rezow impedansi cogoyaw la, baarakɛcogo cogoya, IBR kɔlɔsili kɛrɛfɛtaw, filiw hakɛw, kɔrɔsili tuning, ani SCR min bɛ baara kɛ, o ɲɛfɔli.

Walasa ka baro caman kɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya kɛcogo kan, aw ye nin gafe in lajɛ ka...fanga maracogo rezow bɛnkan.

Frequency Response, Frequency Response teliya, ani Sintétique Inertie

Grid-ka tugu BESS kɔ, o bɛ se ka frequency jaabi teliyalenba di. GFL izini bɛ frequency deviation suman walima ka control command sɔrɔ ka fanga Changer ka kɛɲɛ n’o ye. O bɛ kɛ ka caya frequency-kɔlɔsili ni balansi baarakɛminɛnw na.

Grid-forming control bɛ se ka jaabi wɛrɛ di. Se bɛ se ka Changé i n’a fɔ inverter kɔnɔna voltage ni frequency control structure ka kɔlɔlɔ dafalen, o b’a to izini bɛ se ka jaabi di i n’a fɔ inertie-k’a sɔrɔ a ma sumani-ani-dispatch sequence kelen makɔnɔ min bɛ kɛ GFL baarakɛyɔrɔ kɔrɔw fɛ.

O kɛwalew bɛ ɲɔgɔn dafa, u tɛ ɲɔgɔn falen-falen. Jaabi teliya baarakɛcogo min bɛ bɛnkansɛbɛn kɔnɔ, o tɛ fɛn kelen ye ni grid-forming inertial behavior ye, wa jaabi sɔrɔlen bɛ se ka bɔ hali bi charge cogoya la, baarakɛyɔrɔ la, active-power headroom la, converter overload seko la, ani control settings la.

Voltage Dɛmɛni ani Oscillation Damping

GFM fɛɛrɛ bɛ tali kɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la yɔrɔ minnu na rezow mago bɛ nafolo la walasa ka dɛmɛ don voltage-source characteristics sanni ka dɔrɔn ka current labɛn ka kɛɲɛ ni voltage waveform ye min bɛ yen.

O bɛ se ka sabatili ɲɛ ka taa a fɛ IBR barikama-grid walima sanfɛ-IBR cogoya dɔw la ani a bɛ se ka dɛmɛ don ka kuran-mekaniki walima ka -yɛrɛyɛrɛli minnu bɛ tali kɛ o la, olu nɔgɔya. O nafa bonya ye poroze-kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya ye. A ka kan ka jira sistɛmu kalanw na sanni ka miiri ka bɔ kɔrɔsili taamasiyɛn na.

Fault Current ani Current Dantigɛli

GFL walima GFM si tɛ fanga-ɛlektroniki fɛn caman tigɛli kɛ ka kɛ sinkɔrɔn masin ye min ka filiba, min bɛ mɛn{1}}sisan seko bɛ min na. Semikɔndukiri ni funteni danw bɛ to ka gɛlɛya.

Sisan dantigɛli nafa ka bon kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la GFM kɔlɔsili la. Voltage tiɲɛni jugu waati la, voltage-source controller bɛ se ka current caman ɲini ka tɛmɛ converter bɛ se ka min di lafiya la. Ni sisan dan kɛra baarakɛta ye, inverter ka kɛwale bɛ bɔ kosɛbɛ dantigɛli fɛɛrɛ sugandilen na.

San 2024 IEEE seginnkanni dɔ min kɛra NREL fɛ kandantigɛli min bɛ kɛ ka tɛmɛn kuran kan grid-forming inverters kɔnɔb’a ɲɛfɔ mun na sisan-dantigɛli dilancogo bɛ nɔ bila fili-kurun dɛmɛni na, tension dɛmɛni na, sabatili la, ani fili kɔfɛ-filiw seginni na.

Sanni kama, aw kana sɔn "GFM bɛ fili kuran di" ma k'a kɛ fɛn ɲɛfɔlen dafalen ye. Ka ɲininka:

• Kuran hakɛ joli bɛ sɔrɔ?
• Waati joli kɔnɔ?
• Voltage ni frequency cogoya jumɛnw na?
• Pozitif- ni negative-sequence currents bɛ kɔlɔsi cogo di?
• Mun bɛ kɛ voltage-source kɛcogo la ni sisan dan sera?
• Taamacogo bɛ jira cogo di RMS ni EMT misaliw kɔnɔ?
• Lakanali jɛ-ka-baara sɛgɛsɛgɛra cogo di?

Black Start, Islanding ani Grid Forming tɛ fɛn kelen ye

Grid (grid) dilannibɛ a ɲɛfɔ cogo min na inverter bɛ a ka kuran referansi sigi sen kan ani k’a kɔlɔsi.

Gunw kanbɛ ɲɛfɔli kɛ izini walima sigida kuran sira seko kan ka baara kɛ a faralen kɔfɛ ni rezo belebeleba ye.

Dugukolonɔn daminɛbɛ se ka fanga di minɛnw walima rezow ma ka bɔ cogoya la min fanga tɛ -, k’a sɔrɔ i ma i jigi da kɛnɛma AC grid kan min bɛ baara kɛ kaban.

Ameriki ka fanga minisiriso ka...UNIFI ka tɔnbabɛ danfara don GFL laadala invertɛriw cɛ minnu mago bɛ tension ni frequency reference sabatilen na ka bɔ GFM controls la minnu bɛ se ka kuran reference sigi sen kan min ka kan inverter-dominated systems ani seginkanni na.

GFL inverter saniyalen tɛ se ka daminɛ nɛrɛma daminɛ a yɛrɛ ma. GFM kunnafoni bɛ se ka tension reference di min ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka seginkanni kɛ, nka BESS dafalen min bɛ se ka black-daminɛ-, o fana bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fanga dɛmɛnan, batiri sɔrɔli, transformateur fanga sɔrɔli seko, lakanani ni switchgear logic, plant sequencing, communications, ani resynchronization systems de wajibiya.

Porozɛ minnu dabɔra gunw baara kama, olu ka kan ka dafalen jateminɛmicrogrid batiri marayɔrɔ dilanni, a tɛ dan inverter control mode dɔrɔn ma.

Yala Grid-Forming ani Grid-BESS nɔfɛta bɛ se ka baara kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ wa?

Awɔ. Kuranko siratigɛ la, a mago tɛ inverter bɛɛ la walasa ka jɔyɔrɔ kelen kɛ.

Grid-sɛnɛfɛnw bɛ se ka kuran sɛgɛsɛgɛli sigi sen kan walima k’a barika bonya k’a sɔrɔ grid-nafolo tugulenw bɛ baara kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni o ɲɛfɔli ye. UNIFI ye baro kɛ k’a jɛya sistɛmuw kan minnu kɔnɔ invertɛriw kulu fitinin dɔrɔn de bɛ baara kɛ GFM cogo la k’a sɔrɔ invertɛri-sɔrɔfɛn wɛrɛw bɛ to grid-kɔfɛ.

Sariya si tɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ kɔnɔ ko inverter seko kɛmɛsarada la latigɛlen ka kan ka kɛ grid forming ye. Hakɛ wajibiyalen bɛ bɔ ɛntɛrinɛti topidiya la, sistɛmu fanga, baarakɛcogo, kunnafonidicogo, jɔrɔnanko baarakɛcogo, ani grid-kode wajibiyalenw.

Yala Grid-PCS min bɛ tugu o kɔ, o bɛ se ka wuli ka kɛ Grid Forming ye wa?

Tuma dɔw la-nka "GFM retrofit" kɔrɔ fila bɛ yen minnu tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ.

Inverter ta fan fɛ, bi PCS platform dɔw bɛ se ka Changé ka bɔ GFL la ka taa GFM la ni firmware ye, software configuration fɛ, parameter caman cili fɛ, ani retuning fɛ. Nka, izini siratigɛ la, porozɛ in bɛ se ka mago don hali bi kalan kura la, kunnafonidila caman cili, lakanani caman caman cili, dɛmɛnan-kuran siraw, jateminɛ, ɲɔgɔndan minɛnw, kumaɲɔgɔnya, walima baarakɛcogo kura.

Diɲɛ misali lakika-nan nafama dɔ ye Western Downs Batiri ye min bɛ Queensland. ARENA y’a jira ko porozɛ in jiginna ka ɲɛ ka bɔ grid-kɔfɛ ka taa grid-forming baarakɛcogo la, o b’a jira ko firimiwɛriw sɛnɛcogo kura ni u labɛnni koɲuman bɛ se ka GFM seko da wuli fɛnɲɛnamafagalan bɛnnenw kan. Nka o misali man kan ka kɛ fɛn bɛɛ lajɛlen ye ka kɛ "GFL BESS bɛɛ ye porogaramu kura kelen dɔrɔn ye min yɔrɔ ka jan GFM la."

ARENA ka san 2026 dɔnniya-falen-falen-fɛnw kanTlebi Downs BESS jiginnifana bɛ fɛn dɔ jira min ka bon kosɛbɛ : fɛɛrɛko seko, grid-jὲɲɔgɔnya sɔnni, sugu sɛbɛnni, ani baarakɛcogo seko ye baarakɛcogo danfaralenw ye.

O la, siniɲɛsigi-proofing ka kan ka sɛbɛn jiriw ɲɛfɔli kɔnɔ. Aw ye ɲininkali kɛ ni GFM sɛgɛsɛgɛli nata bɛ lase ni tuning dɔrɔn de wajibiya, walima ni a bɛ izini-kontrɔla caman caman cili fana wajibiya, sensɛri wɛrɛw, dɛmɛnan kura, minɛnw bonya kojugu, lakanani labɛncogo kura, kalan kura, ani baara seginni.

Yala Grid-BESS sigili bɛ musaka caman bɔ wa?

GFM musakabɔlan tɛ yen min bɛ kɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ kɔnɔ.

GFM baara koloma dɔw bɛ se ka waleya kosɛbɛ inverter controls fɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kan minnu bɛ kuran, tension ani control baarakɛcogo wajibiyalenw dɛmɛ kaban. Baara minnu ka gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ, olu bɛ se ka musaka wɛrɛw lase fɛn caman tigɛli ma, ni doni caman wajibiyalenw ye, fanga ni fanga kuncɛyɔrɔ, lakanani fɛn caman cili, iziniw kɔlɔsili, kalanw, modɛliw tiɲɛni, kɔrɔbɔli, ani baarakɛcogo.

O de y’a to kuma fɔlenw bɛɛ lajɛlen i n’a fɔ «GFM musaka ka ca ni 20% ye» walima «GFM musaka bɛ kɛ kelen ye ni GFL ye», olu ka kan ka furakɛ ni hakilisigi ye fo n’u ɲɛsinnen bɛ sugu ɲɛfɔlen dɔ ma, porozɛ hakɛ, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw jɔyɔrɔ, ani baarakɛyɔrɔ wajibiyalen.

NERC ka san 2025 Daŋaniya faratiw fɔlɔ rapɔɔri bɛ GFM BESS ɲɛfɔ iko musaka{1}}fɛɛrɛ min bɛ se ka kɛ rezow- sabatili fɛɛrɛ ye k’a sɔrɔ a b’a kɔlɔsi fana ko minɛnw sariyaw ni sistɛmu faamuyali bɛ ka yiriwa hali bi. O la, jago ɲininkali tɛ ko GFM ka diɲɛ bɛɛ ka musaka kelen bɛ yen, nka ni rezow-dɛmɛ seko wajibiyalen bɛ fɛɛrɛko walima suguya nafa caman dilan walasa k’a ka porozɛ- musaka kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw jalaki.

Walasa ka kunnafoni caman sɔrɔ mara poroze sɔrɔko kan, aw ye nin lajɛBESS musaka sɛgɛsɛgɛli.

Yala Grid-Forming bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ Grid-Tɛmɛnen kan wa?

Aw kana a miiri ko nafa bɛ fɛn dɔ la min bɛ taa ɲɔgɔn fɛ-taama-nafa la ka bɔ kɔrɔsili taamasiyɛn dɔrɔn na. PCS switching bɔnɛw, transformateur bɔnɛw, dɛmɛnanw doniw, batiri baarakɛcogo ɲuman, baarakɛyɔrɔ, funteni, ani dispatch profile, a ka c’a la, olu bɛ nɔ tilennenba bila round{3}}taama nafama na.

GFM baarakɛminɛnw bɛ se ka nɔ bila sɔrɔko la cogo la min tɛ ɲɛ ni u bɛ fanga kunkolo yɔrɔ baarakɛta de wajibiya, fanga seko min bɛ se ka kɛ -, charge reservations cogoya-, walima thermal margin wɛrɛ. Aw ye feerekɛlaw ka baarakɛcogo ɲuman karitiw ni porozɛ ka baarakɛcogo lakika suma ɲɔgɔn na sanni ka GFM walima GFL minɛ i n’a fɔ baarakɛcogo ɲuman kalan.

Mun de Changé san 2025–2026 kɔnɔ?

Industri yiriwali min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ, o tɛ ko grid-following barika banna ka kɛ fɛn kɔrɔlen ye. O ye ko rezow-sɛnɛ seko bɛ ka bɔ ɲinini ni porozɛ pilotiw la ka taa jɛɲɔgɔnya wajibiyalenw na, ka se{3}}seginkanni sariyalenw ma, baarakɛ porozɛbaw, ani BESS sannifeere kunbabaw.

Australia: GFM bɛ ka kɛ fɛnba ye jɛɲɔgɔnya siratigɛ la

AEMO y’a jira san 2026 ko batiri jɔlen seko min bɛ Fasokanw ka kuran suguya ɲɔgɔndan pibiliki kɔnɔ, o bonyalen don ka se 33,2 GW ma, wa obatiri porozɛ minnu tun bɛ pibiliki kɔnɔ, olu 74% ɲɔgɔnna tun bɛ grid-forming.

Nin ye sugu taamasyɛn barikama ye, nka a ka kan ka kɔrɔfɔ ka ɲɛ. O ye Ɔsitarali NEM jɛɲɔgɔnya-pibiliki jatebɔ ye, a tɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ ka baarakɛta BESS ka jatebɔ ye.

AEMO fana bɛ ka a yɛrɛ diGrid-forming Teknoloji sɔrɔli sariyaw Fɛɛrɛko wajibiyalenw Lajɛ. Kabini san 2026 awirilikalo la, AEMO ka waatibolodalen bɔlen bɛ kunnafoni bolodalen dɔ jira min labɛnna Q3 2026 kama, kunnafoni laban min bɛ Q4 2026 kɔnɔ, ani sariya laban-yɛrɛlabɔli laɲini AEMC ma Q1 2027. kɔnɔ.

O kɔrɔ ye ko a tɛ tiɲɛ ye ka Ɔsitarali jɔyɔrɔ dɔgɔya ka kɛ kuma nɔgɔman ye ko "GFM ye wajibi ye diɲɛ bɛɛ kɔnɔ." A jɛlen don ko siratigɛ bɛ GFM bilali baara la ka caya ani fɛɛrɛko wajibiyalenw cogoya la, nka wajibi tigitigiw bɛ bɔ hali bi porozɛ suguya la, jɛɲɔgɔnya taabolo la, ani sariyaw la minnu bɛ sirataama.

Ameriki: MISO bɔra baro la ka taa jɛɲɔgɔnya taabolo la

MISO ka sisan sɛnɛfɛnw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya taabolo kɔnɔ, GFM kɔlɔsili wajibiyalen kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɛ BESS kama. A ka BPM-015 Siginiden 5.3.7 b’a ɲini jɛɲɔgɔnya kuntigiw fɛ minnu bɛ se ka baara kɛ, u ka PSCAD simulation test jaabiw di BESS grid-forming control procedures ma, ka se Desizɔn 2 daminɛ na.

O la, porozɛ jɛkulu minnu bɛ MISO kɔnɔ, olu ka kan ka sisan kow lajɛBPM-015 Jɛnkulu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya wajibiyalenwani dakun kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen min bɛ tali kɛ u ka layini sɛrɛkili n’u ka porozɛw labɛncogo la sanni u k’u jigi da kunnafoni kunbaba kɔrɔw kan minnu bɛ politiki ɲɛfɔ i n’a fɔ hakilina dɔrɔn.

Ameriki Woroduguyanfan: NERC bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka dusu don GFM BESS kɔnɔ

NERC ka san 2025 ERO Daŋaniya Risk Priorities Report b’a jira ko grid-forming technology in BESS bɛ se ka dɛmɛ don sistɛmu sabatili la, wa ko a baara ka kan ka dusu don a kɔnɔ, ka sɔrɔ k’a sinsin fana ko GFM minɛnw sariyaw bɛ to yiriwali cɛsirilen kɔnɔ ani ko bolodacogo ni baarakɛcogo misaliw ka kan ka wuli ni fɛɛrɛ in ye.

O faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o nafa ka bon : izini ɲɛminɛni ka ɲi GFM ma, nka o tɛ dalilu ye min b’a jira ko GFM waleyali bɛɛ kɔgɔlen don, a bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn falen, walima a bɛnnen don ni kalan caman ma kɛ.

Erɔpu: Fɛɛrɛko wajibiyalenw bɛ ka taa ɲɛ, nka "EU GFM Mandate from 2026" ka nɔgɔn kojugu

ENTSO-E ye a kaFase II fɛɛrɛbɔ rapɔɔri min bɛ tali kɛ Rezow dilanni wajibiyalenw nanowanburukalo san 2025. Raporo in bɛ fɛɛrɛko bilasiralikanw di minnu tɛ{1}}siri, minnu bɛ tali kɛ NC RfG 2.0 bolodalen na ani a ka GFM wajibiyalenw labɛnni na, minnu bɛ tali kɛ kuran bɔli ni kuran maracogo moduluw la minnu tɛ-sinkɔrɔn ye.

Sanni cikan nafama ye ko Erɔpu GFM wajibiyalenw bɛ ka kɛ cogo la min bɛ kɛ ka caya ani ka kɛ fɛn caman ye, nka yiriwalikɛlaw man kan ka "EU grid forming rule from 2026" jate i n’a fɔ diɲɛ bɛɛ ka wajibi kelen, min dafara kaban-BESS porozɛ bɛɛ la. Jamana sariyaw minnu bɛ sirataama, jɛɲɔgɔnya suguya, waleyali waatibolodacogo, ani sistɛmu{3}}baarakɛlaw ka wajibiw ka kan ka lajɛ hali bi.

San 2025 Ɛsipaɲi-Portugal Blackout bɛ min kɛ-ani a tɛ min jira-

Awirilikalo san 2025 Iberi ka dibi tiɲɛni bɛ kɛ tuma caman na ɛntɛrinɛti kan i n’a fɔ dalilu min b’a jira ko inverter minnu bɛ tugu grid- kɔ, olu caya kojugu de kɛra sababu ye ka nin ko in kɛ, wa o la, BESS kura bɛɛ ka kan ka kɛ rezow dilanni ye. O dantigɛli tɛ Sɔ̀rɔ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli laban ye min Kɛra fanga fɛ.

ENTSO-E ka baarakɛlawkunnafoni laban min bɔra san 2026 marisikalo tile 20a y’a jira ko dibi tiɲɛni in bɔra fɛnw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, i n’a fɔ jiginniw, danfara minnu bɛ tension ni reactive-power control la, danfara minnu bɛ voltage-regulation practices la, bɔli teliya dɔgɔyali ani generateurw ka ɲɔgɔndanw Ɛsipaɲi, ani sabatili seko bɛnbaliw.

Ɛntɛrinɛti kalan tɛ "GFL de sababu ye ka dibi don." O ye ko voltage control, stabilizing capacity, inverter behavior, generator behavior, operating practices, protection, ani system-level coordination bɛɛ nafa ka bon -IBR rezo sanfɛtaw la.

O danfara in nafa ka bon ka don a la bawo a bɛ lakali nɔgɔman bila a nɔ na ni dantigɛli ye min bɛ kɛ sisan, min bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛ ka bɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli laban na.

Porozɛ dalilu lakikaw:

Tlebinyanfan jiginɛw: GFL-ka-GFM Retrofit bɛ Se ka Kɛ

Western Downs b’a jira ko BESS min dilannen don ka ɲɛ, o bɛ se ka wuli ka bɔ grid-following la ka taa grid-forming baara la ni inverter hardware kɔrɔlenw ye ni firimiwɛri caman cili ye ani tuning ɲuman. O ye dalilu nafama ye sini-dalili sanni na.

A t’a jira ko PCS platform bɛɛ bɛ se ka wuli cogo kelen na, walima ko plant-level GFM baarakɛcogo i n’a fɔ black start bɛ se ka fara a kan k’a sɔrɔ fɛn wɛrɛw ma Changé.

Broken Hill: Grid-Forming Ye Jɛɲɔgɔnya ni Sistɛmu-Fanga ɲininkali ye

ARENA ka san 2026 dɔnniya-falen-falen minɛnw ka ɲɛsin 50 MW / 50 MWh Broken Hill BESS ma, o sinsinnen bɛ sistɛmu-fanga misaliw kan, danfara minnu bɛ GFM ni GFL kɛcogo cɛ, grid-jὲɲɔgɔnya sɔnni, ani baarakɛcogo makɔnɔnen bɛna sɛgɛsɛgɛ cogo min na kalanw fɛ, komisiyɔn sɛgɛsɛgɛliw fɛ, ani baarakɛcogo kɔlɔsili fɛ.

Nin ye misali ye min nafa ka bon sannikɛlaw bolo : ka GFM minɛ i n’a fɔ jiriw ka baarakɛcogo jiralen, u kana kɛ i n’a fɔ jatebɔlan min bɛ invertɛri kunnafonidilan kan.

Sugandili kɛcogo Grid-Forming ni Grid-BESS nɔfɛta cɛ

1nan : Aw ye Grid Code ni Interconnection Process lajɛ

Aw bɛ a daminɛ ni wajibiw ye jɛɲɔgɔnya yɔrɔ yɛrɛ la. Aw k’a dɔn ni TSO, ISO, RTO, DSO, nafamafɛn, walima rezow baarakɛla bɛ tension kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen-source kɛcogo, GFM controls, EMT models, barikama-grid baarakɛcogo, sisan-pikiri kɛcogo, inertie, walima commissioning daliluw de wajibiya.

Aw kana wajibi dɔ kopi kɛ ka bɔ Ɔsitarali, MISO walima Erɔpu ka taa sugu wɛrɛ la ni aw ma sigida sariyaw lajɛ.

2nan : Baarakɛcogo wajibiyalenw ɲɛfɔ

Aw ye ɲininkali kɛ BESS ka kan ka min kɛ farikolo la:

• baara kɛ dɔrɔn k’a sɔrɔ u sirilen bɛ rezow kɛnɛman na;
• dɛmɛ don yɔrɔ dɔ la baarakɛminɛnw tiɲɛni waati la;
• gun dɔ sigili n’a sabatili;
• black-ka bisi salen dɔ daminɛ;
• jiginni grid-jὲɲɔgɔnya ni gun cogoyaw cɛ;
• ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ kokura ni nafamafɛnw rezo ye;
• dɛmɛ don ka bɔnsɔn wɛrɛw walima doni wɛrɛw seginni ma.

Porozɛ barikama-grid peak-shaving ani yɔrɔjan minɛnko microgrid bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni batiri minɛnw ye minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta nka u bɛ control architectures danfaralenw de wajibiya.

Taabolo 3nan : Sistɛmu fanga jateminɛ

SCR jateminɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ ni rezow impedansi ye, fili hakɛ, IBR kɛrɛfɛtaw, sinkɔrɔni-generation conditions minimum, rezo caman yeli bolodalenw, ani baarakɛcogo minnu bɛ rezo barikama dilan.

Ni sistɛmu-fanga haminankow bɛ yen, a ɲini OEM ni fanga-sitɛmu ladilikɛla fɛ a ka baarakɛcogo sabatilen jira ni misaliw ye minnu bɛ bɛn jɛɲɔgɔnya kalan ma.

4nan : Grid-Dɛmɛn baarakɛminɛnw ɲɛfɔ

Baarakɛcogo lakika min ka kan, o fɔ, i n’a fɔ tension dɛmɛni, frequency response, synthétique inertie, oscillation damping, ride-through, gun baarakɛcogo, seginkanni, walima sistɛm{1}}strength contribution.

O kɔfɛ, aw k’a dɔn kuntigiyacogo ni izini labɛncogo jumɛn bɛ se k’o baara ninnu di. Aw kana kɔrɔsili sɛbɛn san fɔlɔ ani ka wajibi ɲɛfɔ o kɔfɛ.

5nan : Ka Plant-Level Seko ni dɔnko sɛgɛsɛgɛ

Inverter ye fɛn kelen dɔrɔn de ye min bɛ...BESS ka fɛn dilannenw. Aw bɛ izini ɲɛmɔgɔ, fanga dɛmɛnan, lakanani, minɛnw, kumaɲɔgɔnya, transformateur, switchgear, ani fanga-mara baarakɛcogo minnu ka kan ka kɛ baarakɛcogo wajibiyalenw na, olu dafa.

Nafama-scale systems kama, ɲininkali min bɛ tali kɛ o la, o ye ko ni...nafa dafalen-scale BESS ɲɛnabɔcogobɛ se ka jaabi wajibiyalen jira jɛɲɔgɔnya yɔrɔ la.

6nan : Ka misaliw ni kalanw tiɲɛ

Ka kɛɲɛ ni poroze ye, o bɛ se ka kɛ ninnu ye:

• RMS ka kalan minnu bɛ kɛ ni fanga ye;
• EMT kalanw;
• barika dɔgɔya-grid sensitivity kalanw;
• filiw boli-kalanw sababu fɛ;
• kɔrɔsibaga ka jɛɲɔgɔnya kalanw;
• fanga-fɛnɲɛnɛma-kɔnɔ--lupulu walima kunnafonisɛbɛn-minɛn-kɔnɔ-lupulu sɛgɛsɛgɛli la;
• modɛli tiɲɛni ka kɛɲɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye;
• sɛgɛsɛgɛliw bilali baara la.

GFM porozɛw kama, kalanw ka kan ka sisan dancɛ lakikaw jira ani cogoya caman tigɛli sanni ka fɛn caman tigɛlikɛla modeli kɛ i n’a fɔ dan tɛ min na, o ye tension ɲuman sɔrɔyɔrɔ ye.

7nan : Jago nafa jateminɛ

GFM baarakɛcogo wajibiyalen musaka ni a bɛ nafa min da, aw bɛ o suma. O bɛ se ka kɛ sitɛmu-fanga minɛnw kɔlɔsili ye, ɲɔgɔndan kɛcogo ɲɛnabɔli, sabatili baarakɛminɛnw bɛnkansɛbɛn, kɔfɛko nataw farati dɔgɔyali, walima nɛrɛ-daminɛ ni muɲuli nafa.

Ka ɲɛsin porozɛ barikama-rezow ma, GFM wajibiyalen tɛ min na ani sabatili{1}}baara sɔrɔta tɛ min na, GFL bɛ se ka to sugandili ye min ka sɔrɔ ka bon ani min ka nɔgɔn.

Porozɛ kɛcogo minnu bɛ kɛ cogoya la

Strong-Grid Jago ni izini BESS

Izini, fɛnmarayɔrɔ, walima kunnafonidilan min bɛ baara kɛ ni marayɔrɔ ye walasa ka kunsigi tigɛ, tarifu ɲɛnabɔli, fanga arbitrage, ani rezow-connected backup kɔrɔlen, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛɛrɛko kun si sɔrɔ ka GFM wajibiya ni rezo barika ka bon ani ni gunw jɔli tɛ dilan kɔnɔ.

A jago ni izini fanga maracogoka kan ka kɛ ka ɲɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni yɔrɔ in baara kuntilenna lakikaw ye sanni ka sugandi ka da kunnafonidisɛbɛn dɔ kan min bɛ kɛ cogo la.

Microgrid yɔrɔjan walima gun kan

Ni tile, dizili ani batiriw ka kan ka baara kɛ ni utilité rezo tɛ, a dɔgɔyalenba la, sɔrɔyɔrɔ kelen ka kan ka sigida ka tension ni frequency sigi sen kan. Sisitɛmu min bɛ kɛ ni grid-following resources pure dɔrɔn ye, o tɛ se k’o referansi sigi a yɛrɛ ma.

GFM sɔrɔyɔrɔ-a ka c’a la BESS-o la, a bɛ kɛ fɛn dilanni yɔrɔ jɔnjɔn ye.

Nafa-Skala BESS kan Grid barikama kan

Ni jɛɲɔgɔnya barika ka dɔgɔ, GFM bɛ se ka sabatili walima jɛɲɔgɔnya kɛcogo ɲɛ kosɛbɛ. Desizɔn ka kan ka bɔ ɛntɛrinɛti kalanw na, grid code, inverter baarakɛcogo, ani baarakɛcogo makɔnɔnenw na, a man kan ka bɔ SCR dakun caman na.

Sini-Dalilu nafama porozɛ

Ni grid-kode ɲɛminɛcogo b’a jira ko GFM baarakɛcogo bɛ se ka kɛ wajibi ye izini ka ɲɛnamaya kɔnɔ, PCS min bɛ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli sira ye min bɛ se ka da a kan, o bɛ se ka dɔ bɔ kɔsegin farati la. Sannifeere foroko ka kan ka "upgradeable" kɔrɔ ɲɛfɔ tigitigi ani izini-dakun caman yeli bɛna kɛ wajibi ye hali bi.

Kuncɛli

Danfaraba min bɛ grid-forming ni grid-following BESS cɛ, o tɛ ko kelen ye kura ye, tɔ kelen ye kɔrɔlen ye. U bɛ kuran jɔyɔrɔ wɛrɛw Kɛ.

A grid-following BESS bɛ baara kɛ ni grid waveform kɔrɔ ye k’a kɛ a ka ɲɛfɔli jɔnjɔn ye ani ka current labɛn ka kɛɲɛ ni o waveform ye. A grid-forming BESS bɛ kɔnɔna voltage reference mara ani a bɛ se ka voltage-source kɛcogo di min bɛ kɛ nafama ye kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la grid barikamaw la, islanded systems, restoration applications, ani high-IBR networks.

Industri ɲɛminɛni san 2025–2026 kɔnɔ, a jɛlen don ko a ɲɛsinnen bɛ GFM bilali ma ka caya, ka jɛɲɔgɔnya wajibiyalenw kɛ cogo la min bɛ kɛ cogo la, ani diɲɛ porozɛ lakikaw-porozɛbaw. AEMO ka pibiliki kunnafoniw, MISO ka jɛɲɔgɔnya taabolo, ENTSO-E ka fɛɛrɛbɔ siratigɛ labɛnni, ani NERC ka dannaya bilasirali bɛɛ bɛ o sira jira.

Nka ɛntɛrinɛti latigɛ ka kan ka kɛ porozɛ-kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la hali bi. Aw kana GFM sugandi k’a sababu kɛ kunnafoni kunbaba ye, SCR dakun min bɛ kɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ kɔnɔ, walima musaka caman fɔli ye. Baarakɛcogo ɲɛfɔ, ka jɛɲɔgɔnya yɔrɔ faamuya, ka sisan rezow kode lajɛ, ka izini dilanni dafalen sɛgɛsɛgɛ, ani ka misaliw ni sɛgɛsɛgɛliw ɲini minnu sɛgɛsɛgɛra.

Sannikɛlaw fɛ, ɲininkali min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ, o tɛ tugun ko "Yala nin PCS grid in bɛ ka dilan wa?" O don:"Nin BESS dafalen in bɛ se ka grid-forming performance jumɛn jira an ka porozɛ ka kan ka kisi cogoya minnu na ani a ka kan ka baara minnu kɛ?"