Batiri fanga maracogo belebelebaw bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ka ɲɛ, ka tɛmɛn fɛn saba kan minnu nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ: farikolo seko, sɔrɔko ɲɛtaa, ani baarakɛcogo teliya. O izini in y’o jira musaka dɔgɔyali teliya la-ka jigin 89% la k’a ta san 2010 la ka se san 2023 ma-ani porozɛw hakɛ cayalenba fɛ, ni siginiden kelen-kelen bɛɛ sera sisan gigawatt caman seko la. Batiri fanga marayɔrɔbaw bilali diɲɛ kɔnɔ, o cayara ni 35% ye san 2025 dɔrɔn kɔnɔ, ka se kura 94 GW fara a kan.
Scalability Evidence: Bonya sira saba
Batiri fanga maracogo belebelebaw tɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ cogo kelen dɔrɔn na-u bɛ ka bonya vektɔri caman kan waati kelen na. O faamuyali b’a ɲini ka farikolo seko bonya, musaka sɔrɔko, ani baarakɛcogo seko lajɛ i n’a fɔ danfaralenw nka u bɛ ɲɔgɔn na.
Farikolo seko bonyalen don kosɛbɛ. A san tan ye nin ye, batiri 40 MW porozɛ dɔ tun jatera kosɛbɛ. Bi, BYD bɛ ka 12,5 GWh sira bila senkan yɔrɔ duuru kɔnɔ Arabu Sawudi jamana na, k’a sɔrɔ Edwards & Sanborn baarakɛyɔrɔ min bɛ Kalifɔrni, o bɛ 3287 MWh marayɔrɔ baara ni tile 875 MW ye ɲɔgɔn fɛ. Ninnu tɛ kɔrɔbɔli prototypes ye-u ye jagokɛyɔrɔw ye minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni rezow baarakɛminɛnw ye don o don.
Ameriki ye batiri 10,4 GW fara a kan san 2024, o b’a jira ko 66% farala san tɛmɛnnen ta kan. Min ka bon kosɛbɛ, o ye ko yiriwalikɛlaw ka 19,6 GW bolodara san 2025 kɔnɔ, o b’a jira ko teliya bɛ kɛ sanni ka kɛ plateau ye. Kalifɔrni dɔrɔn bɛ baara kɛ ni GW 12,5 ni kɔ ye min bɛ se ka sigi sen kan, k’a sɔrɔ Texas bɛ tugu o kɔ ni GW 8 ye. Nin jateminɛ ninnu b’a jira ko grid-scale batiri marali tɛmɛna porogaramu pilotiw kan ka don fɛnsɔrɔsiraw jɔnjɔnw na.
Sɔrɔko sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ maana dɔ fɔ min bɛ mɔgɔ bila ka miiri o cogo kelen na. Litiyamu-ion batiri musakaw jigira kosɛbɛ ka bɔ dɔrɔmɛ 1200 ɲɔgɔn na kilowati-lɛrɛ kelen na san 2010 ka se dɔrɔmɛ 137 ni dɔrɔmɛ 150 cɛ kilowati kelen na san 2023-o kɛra 89% dɔgɔyali ye. O bɛ tugu cogo la min bɛ kɛ tuma bɛɛ: musakaw bɛ tila tilancɛ la san 4,1 o san 4,1. Forobaciyɛn caman porozɛ musakaw bɛna jigin dɔrɔmɛ 100 duguma kilowati kelen na san 2025, ka dancɛ dɔ tigɛ min b’a to marali bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la ni laadala kuran sɛnɛyɔrɔw ye minnu bɛ se ka caya baara caman na.
O musaka dɔgɔyali in bɛ bɔ sɔrɔko kɔrɔlenw na minnu bɛ bonya ni seko ni dɔnko -sekɔrɔw ka jɛɲɔgɔnyaw ye. Kuran mɔbili jiginni ye wariba bila litiyamu-ion dilanni seko la-k’a ta 242 GWh la diɲɛ kɔnɔ san 2020 ka se 822 GWh ma san 2024, ni jateminɛw kɛra ka se 2731 GWh ma san 2030. Stationary storage piggybacks on these EV{11}}driven manufacturing ɲɛtaa , ka nafa sɔrɔ sɛnɛko nafama na a tun man kan ka wari sɔrɔ k’a ɲɛsin a ma.
Cogo min na Economies of Scale bɛ batiri marali bonya
Batiri marali sɔrɔko jiginni bɛ fanga fɛɛrɛbɔ musaka dɔgɔyali teliyalen dɔ jira. San 2015 ni 2018 cɛ, utilité-scale batiri musakaw jigira 70%. K’a ta san 2014 la ka se san 2024 ma, musaka tilancɛ waati kɛra san 4,1 dɔrɔn ye. Ka ɲɛsin sigida ma, tile PV ye san tan caman ta walasa ka kɛmɛsarada la dɔgɔyali ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ.
Fɛn dilanni sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ musaka dɔgɔyali fɛɛrɛ fɔlɔ ɲɛminɛ. Ni Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), BYD, ani fɛn dilannikɛla ŋana wɛrɛw bɛ gigafactories jɔ, u bɛ musaka basigilenw jɛnsɛn fɛn dilanni hakɛ caman na. Izini min bɛ GWh 50 bɔ san o san, o bɛ musakaw sɔrɔ -unit kelen-kelen bɛɛ la, musaka minnu tun tɛ se ka kɛ GWh 5 hakɛ la. O nɔ bɛ dɔ fara a kan, bawo fɛn dilannikɛla caman bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ diɲɛ kɔnɔ, u kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ boli walasa ka baarakɛcogo ɲuman sɔrɔ.
Yɛlɛma min kɛra ka taa litiyamu nɛgɛ fositɛri (LFP) chimie la, o bɛ musaka dɔgɔyali teliya. LFP batiriw bɛ kobalt ni nikɛri sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw bɔ, ka nɛgɛ ni fositɛri caman kɛ o nɔ na. Hali ni fanga-danfara ka dɔgɔ dɔɔnin ka tɛmɛ nikɛri-manganese-kobalti (NMC) kemikaliw kan, LFP ka fɛnw musaka dɔgɔyali, a ka cycle ɲɛnamaya janya, ani a lakanani jogo ɲumanw b’a to a ka ɲi ka mara yɔrɔ jɔlen na yɔrɔ min na girinya nafa ka dɔgɔn ka tɛmɛ bolifɛnw kan. LFP ka suguya sɔrɔta fanga marali la, o wulila ka fanga sɔrɔ o seko ni dɔnko la, Sinuwa fɛn dilannikɛlaw y’u ka kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya ta o chimie in na.
Batiri seliw kɔfɛ, a sigili musakaw fana dɔgɔyara kosɛbɛ. Balance-ka -sitimɛ musakaw-ni fanga ɛntɛrinɛti, jɛ-ka-baara, ani sigili- tun bɛ kɛ 60% ɲɔgɔn ye sistɛmu musaka bɛɛ lajɛlen na baarakɛcogo fɔlɔw la. Sariyasunba ni ɲɔgɔndan cayalenba ye ninnu bila ka jigin. Tesla ka Megapack kurunw lajɛlen don kosɛbɛ, o bɛ dɔ bɔ sigili gɛlɛya ni waati bolodalenw na. Unit kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ 3,9 MWh ni kɔ mara, wa a bɛ se ka sigi dɔgɔkun caman kɔnɔ sanni kalo caman kɔnɔ.
Nka, sɔrɔko sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ ɲɛfɛ fiɲɛw fɛ. Litiyamu sɔngɔ wulila san 2022 ka sɔrɔ ka jigin kosɛbɛ fo ka se san 2024 ma, o kɛra sababu ye ka fɛnw musakaw wuli ka bɔ u nɔ na. Segin-ka-bɔnyekɛla dɔw ye gɛlɛya sɔrɔ bawo litiyamu sɔngɔ dɔgɔyali y’a to fɛnw segin-ka-bɔnyew ma se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ waati dɔ kɔnɔ ni minɛnw sɔrɔta ye. Jagokɛyɔrɔba min ka bon batiri fɛnw na-litiyamu, nikɛri, kobalt-o bɛ dannayabaliya don a la, min dilanni saniyalen hakɛ tɛ se ka ban.
Fɛnɲɛnɛma-sɛgɛsɛgɛli: K’a ta Megawatt la ka taa Gigawatt la
Batiriw sigili yiriwara ka bɔ sigiyɔrɔw ka kɔkannakow la ka se rezow-scale kuran baarakɛyɔrɔw ma. O farikoloɲɛnajɛ in bɛ kɛ cogo fila la minnu tɛ kelen ye: poroze kelen-kelen bɛɛ hakɛ ani seko bɛɛ lajɛlen.
Porozɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ hakɛ cayara joona. Gambit Energy Storage Park min bɛ Texas, o bɛ baara kɛ ni 81 ye min bɛ se ka MW 100 di. Homer Electric ka baarakɛyɔrɔ min bɛ Alaska, o bɛ 46 MW di. Olu bɛ jagokɛcogo jɔnjɔnw jira, u tɛ porozɛ danmadɔw ye. Baarakɛyɔrɔ kelen-sitɛmu min ka bon kosɛbɛ, n’o ye Edwards & Sanborn ye Kalifɔrni jamana na, o bɛ batiri 3287 MWh ni tile bɔli fara ɲɔgɔn kan, ka seko jɔnjɔn di min bɛ tile bɔli caman fara ɲɔgɔn kan.
Baara minnu bɛ jɔli la, olu bɛ danw gɛlɛya ka taa a fɛ. Grenergy ka porozɛ Oasis de Atacama min bɛ Sili jamana na, o bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka GWh 11 mara ni a dafara. Sungrow ka baara bilali Arabu Sawudi jamana yɔrɔ saba kɔnɔ, o bɛɛ lajɛlen bɛna kɛ 7,8 GWh ye. Alimanjamana na, ADS-TEC Energy ye laɲiniw laseli kɛ GWh 2 baarakɛyɔrɔ-Erɔpu jamanabaw cɛma-a jirala ko a bɛna miliyɔn 230 sɔrɔ san o san, fanga arbitrage ni grid baarakɛlaw fɛ.
Porozɛw dilannikɛlaw bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ni modulu dilancogo ye. Batiri sitɛmuw bɛ kɛ ni cikan-minɛn-hakɛ hakɛw ye minnu bɛ se ka bila sen kan kelen-kelen walima kulubaw kɔnɔ. 1 GW sigili bɛ minɛn caman de wajibiya dɔrɔn, a tɛ kɛ ni fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw ye minnu tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ. O modularite in b’a to porozɛw bɛ se ka daminɛ misɛnninw na, ka dɔ fara u kan ni wariko ni ɲininiw b’a to, ka farati fɔlɔw dɔgɔya.
Dugukoloko ɲɔgɔndan bɛ fɛnsɔrɔsiraw danfara jira. Texas bɛ batiri seko bolodalenw ɲɛminɛ ni 60 GW ɲɔgɔn yiriwali ye, o ka ca ni Kalifɔrni ka 35 GW pibiliki ye kosɛbɛ. Nin ɲɔgɔndan in bɛ Texas ka fanga suguya jira min ma labɛn, nafolo kura sɔrɔcogo caman, ani rezow jɔcogo min bɛ sara di teliya-jaabi marayɔrɔ la. Arizona, Nevada ani Oregon fana bɛ seko bolodalen nafamaw ladon, kuluw bɛ yɔrɔ minnu na tile nafolo barika ka bon yɔrɔ minnu na ani kuran sɔngɔw bɛ don o don fɛn caman jira.
O bɛɛ n’a ta, farikolo-sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ gɛlɛya lakikaw sɔrɔ. Batiribaw sigili dugubaw kɔnɔ donikɛyɔrɔw kɛrɛfɛ, o bɛ dugukolo sɔrɔli ni yamaruya dicogo gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ. Grid ɲɔgɔndan layiniw bɛ buteliw lawuli-poroze caman minnu labɛnna, olu bɛ san caman makɔnɔ walasa nafamafɛnw ka sɔnni ka se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ. Transmission infrastructures minnu jɔra centralisé fossiles generation kama, olu tɛ tuma bɛɛ ka distributed storage (marabolo tilalen) ladon cogo ɲuman na. Fɛn dilannikɛlaw y’a jira ko rezow sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu ka kan ka kɛ, tuma dɔw la, olu b’a to porozew tɛ se ka kɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la, hali ni batiri yɛrɛ bɛ pensili bɔ.
Duration and discharge: Scaling gɛlɛya min bɛ to
Nafama-skala batiriw fanba bɛ sanga 2 fo sanga 4 bɔli kɛ u ka fanga hakɛ dantigɛlen na. MW 200 sitɛmu min bɛ ni 800 MWh marali ye, o bɛ se ka MW 200 di sanga naani kɔnɔ sani a ka ban. O jogo in bɛ marayɔrɔ jɔyɔrɔ cogoya dilan grid kɔnɔ ani ka dimension jira yɔrɔ min na scaling bɛ ɲɛsin fɛɛrɛko gɛlɛyabaw ma minnu nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ.
Lɛrɛ naani-waati bɛ bɛn grid baarakɛcogo caman ma kosɛbɛ. Batiriw ka fisa ni "peak shaving"-ka tile fanga marali sɔngɔ gɛlɛn na su fɛ walima tilelafana fɛ ani ka bɔli kɛ wulada fɛ ɲininiw caya waatiw la. U bɛ frequency regulation di milisekɔndi kɔnɔ, o teliya ka bon kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ gazi turbinew kan. U bɛ daminɛ seko nɛrɛma di ka ɲɛsin grid seginni ma. O baara ninnu bɛ sɔrɔba lase ni fɛɛrɛ kuraw ye minnu bɛ yen.
Nka, a marali min bɛ mɛn-, o bɛ to gɛlɛya ye. Kuwati kura lafasabagaw b’a miiri ko batiriw bɛna fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bila u nɔ na pewu, ka tile caman -dɛmɛ di fiɲɛ ni tile lafiya waatiw la. Sisan litiyamu-ion sɔrɔko tɛ nin baarakɛcogo in dɛmɛ. Lɛrɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ min bɛ fara a kan, o bɛ batiri selilɛri caman de wajibiya, o bɛ dɔ fara musakaw kan cogo kelen na. Lɛrɛ 8 siratigɛ musaka bɛ se siɲɛ fila ma ka tɛmɛ sanga 4 siratigɛ kan min fanga hakɛ ye kelen ye, nka a bɛ sɔrɔ sɔrɔ o seko wɛrɛ la tuma dɔw dɔrɔn.
Kuwati marali kuntaalajan-(LDES) bɛ fɛɛrɛ suguya wɛrɛw de wajibiya. Vanadium redox flow batiriw bɛ fanga mara elektrɔli jilamaw kɔnɔ kɛnɛma tankiw kɔnɔ, ka fanga ni fanga seko ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. Rongke Power ka 175 MW/700 MWh batiri min bɛ ji bɔ Sinuwa jamana na, min bɛ baara kɛ san 2024 laban na, o bɛ batiri marayɔrɔba jira min tɛ -litiyɔmu ye. Flow batteries’ yɛrɛmahɔrɔnya waati min bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ, o b’a to u bɛ layidu ta u marali waati jan kɔnɔ, hali n’u fanga hakɛ dɔgɔyara ani u ka musaka fɔlɔw ka ca, u bɛ dan sigi u bilali la waati kɛrɛfɛ.
Simi minnu bɛ ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan, olu bɛ waati janya danfara de laɲini. Nɛgɛ-fiɲɛ batiriw bɛ layidu ta ko musaka dɔgɔmanba bɛna kɛ tile caman marali la ni fɛn caman ye, hali n’u bɛ to piloti taabolo la. Sodiyɔmu-ion batiriw bɛ fɛn wɛrɛw di minnu sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ litiyamu-ion nɔ na ni baarakɛcogo kelen ye, hali ni a dilannikɛlaw ka dusu nɛnɛna ka da a kan LFP sɔngɔw bɛ ka dɔgɔya. Batiri solide-state bɛ se ka laban ka fanga caman di, nka u dilanni gɛlɛya b’u to u sɔngɔ ka gɛlɛn.
Kuntaala dantigɛli bɛ sugu sigicogo cogoya. Sɛgɛsɛgɛliw y’a jira ko rezow minnu ka doncogo kura caman tɛ se ka kɛ 40% ye, olu mago bɛ fɛnw marali waati kunkurunnin dɔrɔn de la. Ni 80% ye fanga kura sɔrɔcogo ye, waati cɛmancɛ-marali bɛ kɛ fɛn nafama ye. 90% kɔfɛ, marali min bɛ mɛn-, o bɛ kɛ ko kɔrɔba ye. Grid fanba bɛ to o dantigɛliw jukɔrɔ kosɛbɛ, o kɔrɔ ye ko sisan lɛrɛ 2-4 sigidaw bɛ magoɲɛfɛnw ɲɛnabɔ ka ɲɛ, k’a sɔrɔ fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ mɛn sen na, olu bɛ kɔgɔ.
Lakanali hakɛ la: Farati min bɛ boli funteni na, o ɲɛnabɔ
Batiri lakanani bɛ gɛlɛya jira min tɛ - musaka ye, min ka teli ka batiri fanga maracogobaw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli bali. Litiyamu-ion sigicogo belebelebaw bɛ fanga camanba lajɛ yɔrɔ datugulenw na, wa dɛsɛw bɛ se ka jigin ka kɛ balawu ye. Tasumako minnu kɛra Arizona, Pekin ani Kore Du Sud, olu ye mɔgɔ faga ani ka waajibiya ka sistɛmu kɛmɛ caman dabila waati dɔɔnin kɔnɔ.
Batiri kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka se ka dɛsɛ baarakɛcogo la min bɛ kɛ cogo la, o bɛ bɛn miliyɔn tan o miliyɔn kelen ma. Nka, funteni bolicogo min bɛ seli kelen kɔnɔ, o bɛ se ka selilu kɛrɛfɛlaw lawuli ni dɛsɛ ye min bɛ kɛ ka caya. Ni seli miliyɔn caman bɛ sigiyɔrɔba dɔ kɔnɔ, sistɛmu bɛɛ lajɛlen dɛsɛko bɛ kɛ fɛnba ye. Kore Dugu ye fanga marayɔrɔ tasuma 28 sɔrɔ san 2017 ni 2019 cɛ, o kɛra sababu ye ka sariyasunba 522 datugu-35% ka bɔ sistɛmu bɛɛ la, sɛgɛsɛgɛli min bɛ senna.
Batiri dilannikɛlaw ni baarakɛlaw ye jaabi di ni lakana sira caman ye. Bi sigida bɛ baara kɛ ni batiri ɲɛnabɔcogo kɔrɔlenw ye minnu bɛ seli kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka wulicogo, a ka kuran ani a funteni kɔlɔsi waati yɛrɛ la, ka selilu gɛlɛyalenw fara ɲɔgɔn kan sani dɛsɛ ka jɛnsɛn. Farikolo-yɔrɔ minnu bɛ batiri moduluw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, tasuma minnu bɛ Se ka Kɛ olu bɛ yen. Tasuma-fanga-minɛn kɔrɔlenw-a ka c’a la, minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni gaziw ye minnu tɛ baara kɛ sanni ka kɛ ji ye-u bɛ baara kɛ u yɛrɛma ni senfɛ-seereyakɛlaw ye funteni-ko-ɲɛnabɔli-fɛnw ye.
Yɛlɛma min bɛ kɛ ka taa LFP chimie la, o bɛ lakana danma ɲɛ. LFP batiriw bɛ funteni sabatili jira kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ nikɛri-batiriw kan, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka funteni bolicogo dɔgɔya, wa a tɛ juguya kosɛbɛ ni a kɛra. LFP ka fanga dɔgɔyali dɛsɛ nafa ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ marayɔrɔ jɔlenw na, o b’a to a bɛ kɛ chimie fangama ye nafama-skala porozɛ kuraw la.
Sariyasunba jiginni b’a jira ko baarakɛcogo dɔnniya bɛ ka bonya. Tasuma kode bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka yɔrɔjan wajibiyalenw ɲɛfɔ, ka dankari kɛcogo sariyaw, ani kɔlɔsili sekow batiriw sigili la. Jamana minnu ka marayɔrɔ caman bɛ yen, i n’a fɔ Kalifɔrni ni Teksas, olu ye lakana sariyasun caman labɛn ka da ko kɛlenw sɛgɛsɛgɛliw kan ani ɛntɛrinɛti kalanw kan. Asiransi suguw kɔgɔra, ni asiransi kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye farati misaliw labɛn batiri marali kama minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka ɲɔgɔndan sɔngɔw kɛ sistɛmuw kan minnu dilannen don koɲuman.
O bɛɛ n’a ta, lakana haminankow bɛ dan sigi baarakɛcogo la cogo bɛnnen na jamanadenw bɛ yɔrɔ minnu na. Gigawatt-lɛrɛ marayɔrɔ bɛ buffer zone nafamaw de wajibiya ka bɔ sigiyɔrɔw la ani fɛnsɔrɔsiraw kɔrɔlenw na. Nin yɔrɔko wajibiyalen in bɛ sɔsɔ ni rezow mago ye ka ɲɛsin fɛnw marayɔrɔw ma dugubaw kɔnɔ donikɛyɔrɔw kɛrɛfɛ. Yɔrɔ ɲuman dɔw ka bɔ grid (grid) siratigɛ la, olu b’a jira ko u tɛ se ka kɛ ka bɔ lakana ni sigiyɔrɔ siratigɛ la.
Cakɛdaw ni fɛnw sɔrɔli
Batiri fanga maracogobaw sɛgɛsɛgɛli ka se terawati-lɛrɛ hakɛw ma, o bɛ diɲɛ feereli cakɛdaw kɔrɔbɔ ka ɲɛsin fɛnɲɛnamafagalan nafamaw ma. Litiyamu, nikɛri, kobalt ani manganɛsi bɛ ɲinini bonya ka bɔ kuran mɔbiliw ni fɛn marayɔrɔ jɔlenw bɛɛ la. Hali n’a bɛ iko nafolosɔrɔsiraw bɛɛ lajɛlen bɛnnen don ɲininiw ma minnu bɛ se ka ye, minɛnko seko, sɛnɛfɛnw sɛnɛcogo seko, ani dugukoloko politikitɔnw ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔli bɛ gɛlɛyaw lase minnu bɛ se ka kɛ.
Litiyamu sɔrɔli cayara joona nka a ye gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ waati dɔɔnin kɔnɔ. Minɛko porozɛ kura minnu kɛra Ɔsitarali, Sili ani Arzantine jamanaw na, olu nana ni seko wɛrɛw ye ɛntɛrinɛti kan, k’a sɔrɔ litiyamu bɔli fɛɛrɛ tilennenw bɛ layidu ta ko u bɛna jisumayɔrɔw da wuli minnu tun tɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la fɔlɔ. Fɛn minnu bɛna kɛ, olu bɛ sɔsɔli kɛ ni fɛnw sɔrɔli bɛna ɲininiw teliya walima ni dɛsɛ ni fɛnw caya cogoyaw fɛ. Sɔngɔko jiginni b’o dannayabaliya jira-litiyɔmu karɔbɔni sɔngɔw wulila ka tɛmɛ dɔrɔmɛ 80.000 kan tɔni kelen na san 2022 ka sɔrɔ ka jigin dɔrɔmɛ 15.000 duguma san 2024 laban na.
Kobalt bɛ haminanko jugumanbaw jira. Kongo jamana bɛ diɲɛ sɛnɛfɛnw 70% ɲɔgɔn di, o bɛ ɲininkaliw lawuli fɛnw sɔrɔli lakanani ni jogoɲumanya sɔrɔcogo kan. Batiri dilannikɛlaw ye jaabi di ni kobalt hakɛ dɔgɔyali ye katodi kemikaliw la ani ka wuli ka taa LFP la min tɛ kobalt-n. NMC batiri minnu tun bɛ kobalt 20% sɔrɔ fɔlɔ, sisan u bɛ baara kɛ ni 5% ye walima a dɔgɔyalenba. LFP ka wuli bɛ kobalt bɔ kosɛbɛ nafamafɛnw marayɔrɔ fanba la.
Sinuwa bɛ batiriw dilancogo cakɛdaw fanga la ka tɛmɛn fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kan. Sinuwa tɔnw bɛ diɲɛ batiri selilɛri dilanni seko 70-80% mara, katodi dilanni seko 80%, ani anode dilanni 95%. Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), BYD, EVE Energy, ani CALB ye fɛn dilanni jɛkulubaw jɔ minnu bɛ musakaw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ se ka kɛ mara tɔw bɛ gɛlɛya sɔrɔ ka bɛn minnu ma. O jɛ-ka-baara in bɛ fɛɛrɛw tigɛcogo gɛlɛyaw lase jamanaw ma minnu bɛ batiri iziniw ɲini u kɔnɔ.
Tlebi jamanaw ka gɔfɛrɛnamanw ye jaabi di ni izini politiki ye. Ameriki ka nafolosɔrɔko dɔgɔyali sariya kɔnɔ, dɔrɔmɛ miliyari 369 bɛ sɔrɔ fanga saniyalen na, ni dɛmɛba ye jamana kɔnɔ batiri dilanni na. Erɔpu tɔnba ka fɛɛrɛw fana laɲini ye ka marabolow ka seko ni dɔnko sabati. Nka, ka Siniwa jamana ka san tan-kunkolo daminɛ minɛ, o bɛ wariko sabatili ni fɛɛrɛ yiriwali de wajibiya. Izini kura jɔli bɛ san caman ta ani ka waati jan ta walasa ka sɔrɔ ni musakaw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ.
Fɛnw lasegincogo bɛ se ka laban ka fɛnw sɔrɔli degun fɔlɔw nɔgɔya. San 2035 na, ka kɛɲɛ ni diɲɛ fanga baarada ka jateminɛw ye, kuran mɔbili batiri minnu bilala lafiɲɛbɔ la, olu bɛna kɛ fɛnw sɔrɔyɔrɔba ye, o bɛ se ka dɔ bɔ litiyamu, nikɛri ani kobalt ɲinini fɔlɔ la ni 25%, 25% ani 40% ye san 2050. Nka, sisan fɛnw lasegincogo hakɛ bɛ to 5% jukɔrɔ Ameriki ni Erɔpu tɔnba kɔnɔ, ani ka fɛnw lasegincogo hakɛ caya walasa ka bɛn batiri seginni hakɛ jateminɛlenw ma bɛ a yɛrɛ ka gɛlɛyaw jira.
Gɛlɛya min bɛ segin-ka-bɔnye kan: Ka loop datugu ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye
Batiri seginni bɛ sabatili fan jira yɔrɔ min na sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ kɔfɛ kosɛbɛ baarakɛcogo la. Hali ni sigili seko bɛ bonya 30-40% san o san, fɛnw lasegincogo bɛ yiriwa dɔɔnin dɔɔnin, o bɛ bɛnbaliya dɔ lawuli min bɛ na ni sigili fɔlɔw bɛ se u ka ɲɛnamaya laban na.
Sisan, fɛnw lasegincogo hakɛ bɛ maana dɔ fɔ min bɛ mɔgɔ hakili sigi. Litiyamu-ion batiri minnu tɛ 5% bɔ, olu bɛ segin ka kɛ Ameriki ani Erɔpu tɔnba kɔnɔ, Ɔsitarali bɛ 2{5}}3% dɔrɔn ɲɛnabɔ. Nin tɛ fɔlɔ fɛɛrɛko dantigɛli ye-batiriw bɛ se ka segin u cogo kɔrɔ la-nka a bɛ kɛ sɔrɔko ni fɛnw labɛncogo gɛlɛya ye. Batiriw lajɛlenw ma yiriwa hali bi, baara musakaw bɛ tɛmɛ fɛnw sɔrɔli nafa kan sisan fɛnw sɔngɔ la, wa batiri dilanni suguya caman bɛ otomatiki labɔli gɛlɛya.
Segin-ka-bɔnye siraba saba bɛ yen, minnu kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka sɔrɔko ni sigidako cogoya tɛ kelen ye. Piromɛtalɔri ye batiriw wulicogo ye funteni caman na walasa ka nɛgɛw sɔrɔ, nka a bɛ bɔnɛ litiyamu ni grafite la k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ fanga caman ta. Jiko bɛ baara kɛ ni kemikɛli fɛɛrɛw ye walasa ka fɛnw bɔ ka sugandi, ka se ka fɛnw sɔrɔcogo caman sɔrɔ nka ka kemikɛli bɔgɔlanw bɔ. Lasegincogo tilennen bɛ katodifɛnw dilan ani k’u labɛn kokura k’a sɔrɔ u ma tiɲɛ, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka sɔrɔko ɲuman di ani ka sigida lakanani dɔgɔya, nka a bɛ batiriw tila-tila ka kɛɲɛ ni kemisɛri ye, wa a bɛ to a fanba la laboratuwari hakɛ la.
Segin-ka-bɔnye daminɛ damadɔ ye miliyari caman lajɛ ka da layidu talenw kan, nka san 2024 nana ni kɔtigɛw ye. Litiyamu ni nikɛri sɔngɔ dɔgɔyali y’a to fɛn minnu bɛ segin ka kɛ fɛn wɛrɛw ye, olu ma se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ waati dɔ kɔnɔ ni minɛnw sɔrɔli ye, o ye jagokɛcogo tiɲɛ minnu sinsinnen bɛ fɛnw feereli kan minnu sɔrɔla kokura. Aqua Metals ye wariko gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ tuma min na litiyamu sɔngɔ jigira jagokɛyɔrɔ dɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli waati la. SK Ecoplant y’a ka bolofara feere Ascend Elements na, k’a sinsin kokura ka bɔ batiriw lasegincogo la.
O bɛɛ n’a ta, fɛn wɛrɛw kɛbaga dɔw ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɔrɔ sɔrɔ. Redwood Materials, min sigira senkan Tesla CTO kɔrɔ JB Straubel fɛ, o bɛ batiri 20 GWh baara san o san-60.000 mɛtɛrɛ tɔni fɛnw. Sosiyete ye dɔrɔmɛ miliyɔn 200 ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ san 2024 la, a kɛlen ka nɛgɛ, aliminiyɔmu ani batiri ɲɛbilafɛnw feerela minnu sɔrɔla. O b’a jira ko fɛnw laseginbagaw minnu ka wari ka bon, n’u ka jagokɛcogo bɛ ɲɔgɔn na, olu bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni nafa ye hali fɛnw sɔngɔ jiginni waati.
Sariyasenw bɛ ka wuli walasa ka yamaruya di ka fɛnw lasegin u cogo kɔrɔ la. Erɔpu tɔnba ka batiri sariyaw b’a ɲini ka fɛn fitininw wajibiya minnu bɛ se ka segin ka kɛ fɛn wɛrɛw ye batiri kura kɔnɔ ani batiriw lajɛli laɲiniw batiriw ka ɲɛnamaya laban-. Kalifɔrni ani Ameriki jamana wɛrɛw bɛ ka fɛn dilannikɛlaw ka kunkanbaaraw politiki janyalenw labɛn minnu bɛ batiri dilannikɛlaw kɛ wariko kunkanko ye ɲɛnamaya laban-ɲɛnamaya ɲɛnabɔli la. Nin sariyaw ka kan ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnw lasegin fɛnsɔrɔsiraw musakaw bila senkan, hali n’u nafa bɛ bɔ sariya labatoli ni diɲɛ jɛkafɔ la.
Gɛlɛya min bɛ segin-ka-bɔnye kan, o bɛ bonya ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye. San 2030 na, a jate la, litiyamu-ion batiri 318 GWh bɛna se-a ɲɛnamaya laban-a ma, a tilancɛ bɛ bɔ kuran mɔbiliw la. Labɛnni jɔlenw sigili minnu bɛ daminɛ san 2020 daminɛ na, olu bɛna daminɛ ka lafiɲɛbɔ san 2030 waatiw la, ka dɔ fara o jibolisira in kan. Segin-ka-bɔnye seko ka kan ka bonya ni siɲɛ 50 ɲɔgɔn ye san tan nataw kɔnɔ walasa ka hakɛ jateminɛlenw ɲɛnabɔ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka wari bila min ɲɔgɔn ma deli ka kɛ fɔlɔ, fɛnw lajɛyɔrɔw la, fɛnw tilatilali yɔrɔw la, ani fɛnw dilanni yɔrɔw la.
Grid Integration: Infrastructure Scaling Barrières (Barikɛminɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛli barikalanw).
Batiri marali tɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ a danma-a ka kan ka don ɲɔgɔn na ni rezow infrastructures kɔrɔlenw ye minnu dabɔra centralized generation lamini na. O jɛ-ka-baara in bɛ gɛlɛyaw lase minnu tɛ kelen ye ni fɛn dilanni walima sigiyɔrɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ ye.
Rezow ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya siraw kɛra buteli gɛlɛnba ye. Etazuni jamana na, batiri marayɔrɔ 600 GW ni kɔ sigilen bɛ ɲɔgɔndan siraw la ka utilité ka sɔnni makɔnɔ walasa ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ. A ka c’a la, seginnkanni taabolo bɛ san 3-5 ta, o waati la, poroze sɔrɔko bɛ se ka tiɲɛ ni musakaw bɛ Changé ani ni sɔrɔko siraw bɛ wuli. Porozɛ caman bɛ bɔ layidu talenw na, kalanw kɛlen kɔ ka fɛnw cicogo caman sɛmɛntiya minnu ka kan ka kɛ, minnu b’a to u tɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la.
Transmission infrastructure dans yɔrɔ minnu na storage bɛ se ka baara kɛ ka ɲɛ. Batiri fanga farali yɔrɔw la, fɛnw jiginni gɛlɛya bɛ yɔrɔ minnu na, o bɛ se ka mɔgɔw ka ɲɔgɔndan juguya ni dɔ farala chargement doni kan. Porozɛ dɔw minnu jatera ko layidu talen don yɔrɔko siratigɛ la, olu bɛ dɛsɛ bawo sigida ka rezow infɔrɔmasiko tɛ se k’u dɛmɛ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw ma kɛ minnu bɛ bin yiriwalikɛla kan. O bɛ catch-22 (catch-22) dɔ Dabɔ : marali tùn bɛ Se ka 'sènbɔli gɛlɛyaw Lajɔ, nka a tɛ Se ka jɔ a mago bɛ yɔrɔ min na kosɛbɛ k'a sababu Kɛ o gɛlɛya kelenw ye.
Suguda sigicogo mara dɔw la, o ma ladamu ka kɛɲɛ ni maracogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye. Batiriw bɛ kuran ta ani ka kuran bɔ waati kelen na, u tɛ bɛn laadala sɛnɛfɛnw ni doni suguyaw ma ka ɲɛ. Suguba sariya minnu sɛbɛnna fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kama, olu tɛ se ka marayɔrɔ musaka bɔ ka ɲɛ, a bɛ baara bɛɛ lajɛlen minnu kɛ-fɛrɛnkanw labɛnni, tension dɛmɛni, jɛgɛn nɔgɔyali-ka tɛmɛ fanga arbitrage nɔgɔman kan. Fɛdɛrali fanga ɲɛnabɔli jɛkulu ka yamaruyaw Ameriki jamana na, olu ye suguw bila ka fɛn dɔw sɛmɛntiya, nka u waleyali tɛ kelen ye maraw kɔnɔ.
Dugukolo kan fɛnw marali hakɛ min bɛ Kalifɔrni ni Teksas, o bɛ suguw jira yɔrɔ dɔ la minnu bɛ fɛnw marali sara ka ɲɛ. Kalifɔrni ka "duck curve"-wula fɛ wulicogo nɔgɔlen-up mago bɛ min na ni tile bɔli bɛ ka ban-o bɛ sɔngɔ taamasiyɛn barikamaw dilan sanga 4-la marali kama. Texas ka sugu jɔcogo min bɛ fanga dɔrɔn de la, o b’a to fɛnw marali bɛ se ka sɔngɔba minɛ kosɛbɛ sɔrɔko gɛlɛya waatiw la, tuma dɔw la, a bɛ tɛmɛ dɔrɔmɛ 1000 kan MWh kelen kɔnɔ. Mara wɛrɛ minnu sɔngɔ tɛ ɲɔgɔn ta kosɛbɛ walima seko saracogo minnu dabɔra laadala jenitɛriw kama, olu bɛ fɛnw marali ta dɔɔnin dɔɔnin, fɛɛrɛko bɛnnen mana kɛ cogo o cogo.
Porozɛw ni kunnafonidilanw bɛ gɛlɛyaw ni cogoyaw bɛɛ lase. Ni batiri doncogo bɛ ka caya, ka marayɔrɔ nafolo ba caman tila-tila, o bɛ jɛkafɔ caman de wajibiya. Grid baarakɛlaw mago bɛ yecogo la ka don marayɔrɔ cogoya-ka-sara, sɔrɔli, ani cikan sekow la waati yɛrɛ la-. Batiri ɲɛnabɔli siratigɛw ka kan ka jaabi di rezow taamasiɲɛw ma milisekɔndi kɔnɔ walasa ka frequency regulation kɛ ka sɔrɔ ka sɔrɔ kuntaalajan-labɛn ka ɲɛ nafa caman kɔnɔ. Baarakɛda minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ Tesla ani Fluence, olu ye SCADA sigidaw ni porogaramuw labɛn minnu bɛ fɛnw marayɔrɔw jate i n’a fɔ kuran sɛnɛyɔrɔ lakikaw, nka n’i y’olu don nafamafɛnw kɔlɔsili siratigɛw la, o bɛ sariyaw labɛnni ni sigida caman caman cili de wajibiya.
Kalansenw bɛ taa ɲɛ
Batiri marali ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli laban bɛ bɔ kalan hakɛ sabatili la- musakaw bɛ dɔgɔya teliya la ni dalajɛli dalajɛli siɲɛ fila kelen-kelen bɛɛ ye. Tariku kunnafoniw b’a jira ko litiyamu-ion batiriw bɛ se ka musaka dɔgɔya 20% ɲɔgɔn na ni seko sigilenw siɲɛ fila kelen-kelen bɛɛ ye, ka bɛn walima ka tɛmɛ fɛɛrɛ kɔgɔlenw ka kalan hakɛ kan i n’a fɔ tile PV.
Fɛn damadɔ bɛ kalan taabolo dɛmɛ. Fɛn dilanni taabolo bɛ yɔrɔ sɔrɔ hali bi walasa ka ɲɛtaa sɔrɔ. Selilu dilanni sɔrɔ bɛ ɲɛ ka taa a fɛ ni iziniw bɛ ka dɔnniya sɔrɔ. Otomatiki bɛ dɔ bɔ baarakɛlaw hakɛ la. Fɛnw baara bɛ kɛ cogo ɲuman na, o bɛ dɔ bɔ tiɲɛni na. O ɲɛtaa camanba ninnu bɛ dalajɛ ka kɛ musaka dɔgɔyaliba ye baarakɛcogo la.
Simi sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ senna-tɛgɛrɛ-yɛrɛyɛrɛ ɲɛtaa bila senkan. Sisan litiyamu-ion fɛɛrɛ bɛ san tan caman jira ka taa a fɛ, nka a ma ɲɛtaa sekow sɛgɛn. Silisiyɔmu-anɔdiw bɛ se ka dɔ fara fanga hakɛ kan ni 20-30% ye, ka seliw jate dɔgɔya seko dilen na. Elektɔroli minnu bɛ kɛ ni fɛn gɛlɛnw ye, olu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka batiriw kɛ minnu ka bon, minnu tɛ mɔgɔ tɔɔrɔ, hali ni u dilanni gɛlɛyaw ye jago bila kɔfɛ siɲɛ caman. Elektɔri jalenw dacogo fɛɛrɛw, minnu daminɛna Maxwell Technologies fɛ, wa sisan u bɛ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ Tesla la, olu bɛ se ka dɔ bɔ fɛn dilanni fanga ni musakaw la ni 10-15% ye.
Sekɔrɔ-kalan bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka nafa don marayɔrɔ jɔlenw na. Fɛɛrɛ bɛɛ min kɛra kuran mɔbili batiriw-ani EVw la, o bɛ taa a fɛ ka bonya ni 30-40% ye san o san-o bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛn jɔlenw maracogo ɲuman ye, min sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ ni yiriwali musaka wɛrɛw ye. A bɛ iko nin jɛɲɔgɔnya in bɛna to senna san 2020 kɔnɔ bawo EVw tora batiriko suguba ye u hakɛ n’u ka wari bilali la.
Nka, kalan hakɛ bɛ se ka dɔgɔya. Ni fɛɛrɛ kuraw bɛ kɔgɔ, ɲɛtaa nɔgɔmanw bɛ sɛgɛn ani gɛlɛya gɛlɛnw bɛ to yen. Solar PV ye o sɔrɔ san 2010 cɛmancɛ la, waati min na musaka dɔgɔyali sumayalen don san caman kɔnɔ, u dɔgɔyara teliya la sanni a dilanni hakɛ ani selilɛri kura dilanni ka ɲɛtaa daminɛ kokura. Batiri marali bɛ se ka kɛ ni o ɲɔgɔnna plateau waatiw ye, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw gɛlɛyaw bɔra kɛnɛ kan walima ni izini in jiginna ka taa chimiew la minnu tɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ, minnu bɛ kalan kɛcogo kura daminɛ kokura.
Suguda falenni baarakɛminɛn dɔw la, o bɛ se ka baarakɛcogo bonya sumaya. Ni fanga kura sɔrɔlenw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan ka fara u marali kan, olu ye wulada hakɛw ɲɛnabɔ ka ɲɛ sugu ɲumanw na i n’a fɔ Kalifɔrini ani Teksas, bonya bɛ se ka bɔ basigi doni bɔli la-baarakɛminɛn min ka gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ, n’a bɛ marali kuntaalajan wajibiya musakaw la minnu ma sɔrɔ fɔlɔ. Sariya siratigɛ la, lakana haminankow, walima foroba kɛlɛli bɛ se ka dan sigi baarakɛcogo la mara dɔw kɔnɔ, ka suguw tila-tila ani ka dan sigi sɔrɔko la.
Sigidaw ka danfara minnu bɛ sɔrɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli ɲɛtaa la
Batiri marali bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ cogo bɛnbali la suguw kɔnɔ, o b’a jira cogo min na politiki, suguya dilanni, ani nafolo dicogo bɛ baarakɛcogo misaliw cogoya. O fɛn caman ɲɔgɔnna faamuyali bɛ hakilina di sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo ɲumanw ni barikalanw kan.
Sinuwa de bɛ diɲɛ batiri marayɔrɔw bilali fanga la, a bɛ 55% ni kɔ bɔ a seko bɛɛ lajɛlen na. O b’a jira ko Siniwajamana jɔyɔrɔ ka bon diɲɛ kɔnɔ fanga kura sɔrɔyɔrɔba ani batiri dilanko fangatigiba. Marabolow ka gɔfɛrɛnamanw b’a ɲini ko fiɲɛ ni tile porozɛw kɔnɔ, fɛnw marali-a ka c’a la, 10-20% bɛ sɔrɔ sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli seko la ni sanga 2-lɛrɛ 2-waati ye-li teliya. Nka, kɔsa in na, politiki fɛn caman b’a la ka wuli ka bɔ cikanw na ka taa fɛɛrɛw la minnu sinsinnen bɛ suguya caman kan, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka bonya kuntaala surun sumaya, ka sɔrɔ ka porozɛw sɔrɔ yiriwa waati kɔnɔ.
Ameriki ye bonyaba ye san 2024, ka se ka GW 12 ni kɔ fara a kan-ka tɛmɛ basigi sigilen kan siɲɛ fila. Nafolosɔrɔko dɔgɔyali sariya ka wariko impositi dɔgɔyali minnu bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛnw marayɔrɔ jɔlen ma, a tɛ kɛ tile-plus-marako dɔrɔn ye, o ye gɛlɛyaba dɔ bɔ yen. Kalifɔrni ni Teksas faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, u bɛ Ameriki seko 70-80% bɔ, hali ni jamana wɛrɛw bɛ ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan. Arizona, Nevada ani New York bɛ seko ni dɔnko bolodalen nafama jira. O dugukoloko danfara in bɛ dɔ bɔ dannaya la jamana kelen ka politikikow la, ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kalan jɛnsɛn maraw kɔnɔ.
Erɔpu bɛ kɔfɛ dɔɔnin hali ni laɲinibaw bɛ yen minnu bɛ se ka fɛn kuraw sɔrɔ. Alimanjamana, Pays-Bas ani Angletɛri ye Erɔpu jamanaw ka baarakɛyɔrɔw ɲɛminɛ, nka seko bɛɛ lajɛlen bɛ Ameriki ni Sinuwa kɔfɛ kosɛbɛ. Kuran sɔngɔ jiginni ani don o don sɔngɔ jiginni min tɛ kɛ kosɛbɛ, o bɛ dɔ bɔ arbitrage cogoyaw la, hali ni rezow baarakɛlaw ka suguw bɛ sɔrɔ di. Erɔpu tɔnba ka "Green Deal" ani batiri dilanni daminɛw laɲini ye ka baara teliya ani ka jamana kɔnɔ fɛnw dilancogo cakɛdaw jɔ, hali ni ɲɛtaa ma jɛya hali bi.
Sugu minnu bɛ ka bonya, olu bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo nafamaw jira ni gɛlɛya danfaralenw ye. Ɛndujamana, Azi Saheli-Kɔrɔn fɛ, ani Ameriki Latin ni Afiriki yɔrɔ dɔw la, kuran ɲinini bɛ ka bonya joona, nafolo kura caman bɛ yen, ani kuran sira minnu bɛ se ka nafa sɔrɔ a marali la. Nka, wariko musakaw, politikitɔnw ka dannayabaliya, ani sugu jɔcogo minnu ma yiriwa kosɛbɛ, olu bɛ baarakɛcogo sumaya. Jamana dɔw tɛ ni kuran suguya caman ye pewu, o b’a to a ma jɛya cogo min na kuran marali bɛna sɔrɔ. Duniya yiriwali wariko ni fɛɛrɛbɔ jɛɲɔgɔnyaw bɛ se ka o suguw da wuli, nka ɲɛtaa kɛra dɔɔnin dɔɔnin.
Scalability kɔrɔ ye mun ye fanga jiginni na
Dalilu b’a jira ko batiri fanga maracogo belebelebaw bɛ bonya tiɲɛ na ka tɛmɛn fɛn nafama caman kan. Farikolo seko bonyalen don ka bɔ megawatt na ka se gigawatt ma sigida kelenw na, ni porozɛbaw ye minnu ka bon sisan, olu tɛmɛna GWh 10 kan. Musakaw dɔgɔyara 89% san 13 kɔnɔ, fɛn dilanni sɛgɛsɛgɛli fɛ ani kalanni-ni-kɛli fɛ. Diɲɛ kɔnɔ baarakɛcogo bɛ teliya ni 30-40% ye san o san, ni GW 140 ni kɔ bɛ porozɛw ka pibilikiw kɔnɔ fo ka se san 2030 ma.
O bɛɛ n’a ta, scalability tɛ kelen ye walima dan tɛ min na. Kuntaala bɛ to ka dankari sanga 2-4 la litiyamu-ion sigidaw la, o bɛ dan sigi jɔyɔrɔw la rezow kɔnɔ minnu doncogo kura bɛ se ka caya kosɛbɛ. Lakanali haminankow bɛ dan sigi baarakɛcogo la cogo bɛnnen na jamanadenw kɛrɛfɛ. Fɛnw dilancogo cakɛdaw bɛ gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ se ka kɛ, hali ni chimie jiginni ka taa fɛn caman na, o bɛ o nɔgɔya. Fɛn minnu bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw lasegin u cogo kɔrɔ la, olu bɛ kɔfɛ farati la baarakɛcogo la, o bɛ haminankow lase sabatili ma. Grid integration bɛ gɛlɛya don porozɛw la minnu bɛ sumaya hali ni batiriw yɛrɛ bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ.
O gɛlɛyaw man kan ka ɲɛtaa jɔnjɔn maana datugu. Batiri marali cayara ka bɔ nisɛ baarakɛcogo la ka taa se rezow ka baarakɛminɛnw ma minnu bɛ kɛ ka caya san tan ɲɔgɔn kɔnɔ. Porozɛ minnu tun tɛna se ka kɛ walima minnu tun tɛna kɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la san 2015, olu ye ko ye min bɛ kɛ tuma bɛɛ san 2025. Kalan hakɛw b’a jira ko musakaw bɛna dɔgɔya ka taa a fɛ, ka sɔrɔko baarakɛcogo caman bonya. Sisan, tɔn caman bɛ baara kɛ ni gigawatt-lɛrɛ caman dilanni ni u bilali ye, ni fɛnw dilancogo cakɛda sigilenw ye, ni dilancogo sɛgɛsɛgɛlenw ye, ani baarakɛcogo faamuyalenw.
San tan nataw bɛna a kɔrɔbɔ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ taa ɲɛ sisan hakɛw la walima ni dan gɛlɛnw bɛ sɔrɔ. Fɛnw gɛlɛyaw bɛ se ka gɛlɛya. Lakanali ko minnu bɛ kɛ, olu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka sariyaw sigi minnu bɛ dankari kɛ. Aplikasi nɔgɔmanw bɛ se ka sɛgɛn, ka gɛlɛnw to yen. Segin-ka-bɔnye ka kan ka bonya kosɛbɛ walima ka sigida gɛlɛyaw lase. Kuntaalajan-maracogo fɛɛrɛw ka kan ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan walasa ka doncogo jugumanba kura sɔrɔ.
A bɛ iko o gɛlɛyaw bɛ se ka kunbɛn sanni u ka kɛ fɛn jɔnjɔnw ye. Batiri marali baarakɛlaw ye se sɔrɔ siɲɛ caman na, gɛlɛyaw kofɔlenw, k’a ta litiyamu dɛsɛ la ka taa a bila lakana haminankow la ka se sɔrɔko ɲɛtaa ma. Fɛn dilanni seko bɛ ka bonya ka taa a fɛ. Simi kura bɛ bɔ tuma bɛɛ. Segin-ka-bɔnye fɛɛrɛw bɛ taa ɲɛ hali ni sɔrɔko waati surun - bɛ wuli ka wuli. Politiki dɛmɛni bɛ barika sɔrɔ diɲɛ kɔnɔ, n’a nafaw bɛ ka ye.
Batiri marali ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli ɲɛtaa nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ waati ni fanga politiki la. Kuran kura minnu bɛ kɛ waati ni waati i n’a fɔ fiɲɛ ni tile, olu bɛ kuran kura bɔli sɔngɔ gɛlɛn di sugu fanba la, nka u mago bɛ marali la walasa ka seko sabatilen di. Dɔrɔmɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ dɔgɔyali marayɔrɔ musakaw la, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fɛn kuraw doncogo caman kɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la. Gigawatt kelen-kelen bɛɛ min bɛ mara, o bɛ dannaya don rezow la minnu bɛ se ka fɛn kuraw sɔrɔ-. Ɲininkali tɛ ko marali bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ-a jirala ko a bɛ-nka a bɛ teliya cogo min na ani cogo min na, o bɛna fanga jiginni teliya dantigɛ kosɛbɛ nin san kɛmɛ in na.
Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na
Batiri marayɔrɔba min bɛ baara kɛ sisan, o ye jumɛn ye?
Edwards & Sanborn porozɛ min bɛ Kalifɔrni, o bɛ baara kɛcogo jate minɛ sisan, n’o ye 3287 MWh ye, n’o farala ɲɔgɔn kan ni tile 875 MW ye. Nka, hali porozɛbaw bɛ ka jɔ, i n’a fɔ BYD ka 12,5 GWh baara kɛli yɔrɔ duuru kɔnɔ Arabu Sawudi jamana na ani Grenergy ka 11 GWh Oasis de Atacama porozɛ Sili jamana na.
Batiri marali musakaw dɔgɔyara cogo di?
Litiyamu-ion batiri musakaw dɔgɔyara 89-90% ɲɔgɔn na ka bɔ san 2010 la ka se san 2023 ma, a jigira ka bɔ dɔrɔmɛ 1200 ɲɔgɔn na kilowati-lɛrɛ kelen na ka se dɔrɔmɛ 137-150 ma kilowati kelen kɔnɔ. O b’a jira ko musaka tilancɛ waati bɛ se san 4,1 ma, ni jateminɛw y’a jira ko musakaw bɛna jigin ka tɛmɛ dɔrɔmɛ 100 kan kilowati kelen kɔnɔ san 2025 kɔnɔ.
Mun na batiri fanba bɛ dan sanga 2-4 ma?
Kuntaala dantigɛli bɛ sɔrɔko jira sanni ka kɛ fɛɛrɛko seko ye. Lɛrɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ min bɛ fara a kan, o bɛ batiri selilɛri caman de wajibiya, o bɛ dɔ fara musakaw kan cogo kelen na. Lɛrɛ naani-sitɛmuw bɛ bɛn sisan rezow baarakɛcogo fanba ma-peak shifting, frequency regulation-attractive economics. Kuntaala jan bɛ fɛɛrɛ suguya caman de wajibiya i n’a fɔ batiri minnu bɛ ji bɔ walima fɛɛrɛ kura jɔnjɔnw minnu bɛ ka yiriwa hali bi.
Yala batiri tasuma ye faratiba ye ka ɲɛsin fɛnw marali ma minnu ka bon-wa?
Batiri tasumaw bɛ farati dɔ jira min bɛ se ka ɲɛnabɔ nka a tɛ -fɛn fitinin ye. Hali ni seli kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka dɛsɛ hakɛ ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ (kelen miliyɔn tan o tan), kaskade dɛsɛw bɛ se ka kɛ sigidabaw la. O baarakɛyɔrɔ ye jaabi di ni batiriw ɲɛnabɔcogo ɲuman ye, farikolo-ɲɛnajɛ-minɛnw, tasuma-fanga-minɛnw, ani jiginni ka taa LFP chimie (LFP chimie) la min bɛ lakana u danma. Sariyasunw jiginna ka da ko kɛlenw sɛgɛsɛgɛli kan, ka lakana sariyaw sigi senkan minnu bɛ faratiw dɔgɔya kosɛbɛ.
Mun bɛ kɛ batiriw la ni u sera-ɲɛnamaya laban-nan ma?
Sisan, litiyamu-ion batiriw tɛ se ka kɛ 5% ye Ameriki ani Erɔpu jamanaw na. Segin-ka-bɔnye sira caman bɛ yen-pirometaliji, ji-nɛgɛsɛgɛli, ani segin-ka-bɔnye tilennen-u kelen-kelen bɛɛ ni sɔrɔko ni sigidako nɔfɛkow tɛ kelen ye. Segin-ka-bɔnye seko ka kan ka bonya kosɛbɛ san tan nataw kɔnɔ walasa ka batiriw lafiɲɛbɔ jateminɛlenw ɲɛnabɔ. Politiki hukumuw bɛ ka caya ka taa a fɛ ka fɛnw lasegin u cogo kɔrɔ la ani ka laɲiniw sigi fɛnw lasegincogo kan batiri kura kɔnɔ.
Yala batiri marayɔrɔ bɛ se ka kɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw nɔnabila ye pewu wa?
Batiri marali bɛ se ka kɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan "peaker" iziniw nɔ na minnu bɛ baara kɛ ɲininiw caya waatiw la, wa tiɲɛ na, a bɛ o kɛ sugu caman na kaban. Nka, ka basigi fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɔli bila u nɔ na, o bɛ waati jan-mara (tile caman sanni lɛrɛw) de wajibiya, musaka minnu ma sɔrɔ fɔlɔ. Gris minnu ka 40% ka dɔgɔn ni 40% ye, olu mago bɛ fɛnw marali waati kunkurunnin dɔrɔn de la. Ka tɛmɛn 80-90% kan, fɛn kuraw marali bɛ kɛ fɛn nafama ye, o bɛ fɛɛrɛw de wajibiya minnu bɛ yiriwa hali bi walima minnu bɛ jago daminɛ joona.